Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (patient information)

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What is Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a form of peritonitis that occurs in patients with cirrhosis. It occurs in 10-30% of hospitalized patients with ascites, and can cause marked decompensation of the liver disease, with other complications and death occurring frequently. Peritonitis is swelling (inflammation) of the peritoneum -- the tissue that lines the wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs.

What are the symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include:

• Abdominal pain and bloating
• Abdominal tenderness
• Fever
• Fluid in the abdomen
• Low urine output

Other symptoms include:

• Chills
• Joint pain
• Nausea and vomiting

What are the causes of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Spontaneous peritonitis is usually caused by ascites, a collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs from liver or kidney failure. Risk factors for liver disease include alcoholic cirrhosis and other diseases that lead to cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B or C). Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who are on dialysis for kidney failure.

How to know you have Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Tests that show infection:

• Blood culture
• Cell studies (cytologic examination) of peritoneal fluid
• Chemical examination of peritoneal fluid
• Culture of peritoneal fluid
• Peritoneal fluid analysis (paracentesis)

Other tests:

• Abdominal imaging studies (to rule out other causes of abdominal pain)
• WBC (nuclear) scan

When to seek urgent medical care

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of peritonitis. This can quickly become an emergency situation.

Where to find medical care for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis