Amblyopia (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==What are the symptoms of amblyopia?== | ==What are the symptoms of amblyopia?== | ||
Amblyopia often gives no clues to the untrained observer. In fact, many people with amblyopia, especially those who are only mildly so, are not even aware they have the condition until tested at older ages, since the [[vision]] in their stronger eye is normal. However, people with more severe amblyopia may experience associated visual disorders, most notably poor [[depth perception]]. Other symptoms include: | |||
* Eyes that turn in or out | |||
* Eyes that do not appear to work together | |||
* Poor spatial [[acuity]] | |||
* Low sensitivity to [[contrast]] | |||
* Problems of [[binocular vision]]: | |||
** Limited stereoscopic depth perception | |||
** Difficulty seeing the three-dimensional images in hidden stereoscopic displays such as [[autostereogram]]s.<ref name="Tyler"> | |||
{{cite journal | |||
| author=Tyler, C.W. | |||
| year=2004 | |||
| title= Binocular Vision In, Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 2, Tasman W., Jaeger E.A. (Eds.), J.B. Lippincott Co.: Philadelphia}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* Some "higher-level" deficits to [[vision]], such as reduced sensitivity to motion <ref name="Hess"> | |||
{{cite journal | |||
| author=Hess, R.F., Mansouri, B., Dakin, S.C., & Allen, H.A. | |||
| year=2006 | |||
| title=Integration of local motion is normal in amblyopia | |||
| journal=J Opt Soc Am a Opt Image Sci Vis | |||
| volume=23 | |||
| issue=5 | |||
| pages=986–992 | |||
| doi=10.1364/JOSAA.23.000986 | |||
| pmid=16642175 | |||
}} </ref> These deficits are usually specific to the amblyopic eye. Amblyopes also suffer from problems of [[binocularity|binocular]] vision such as limited stereoscopic depth perception and usually have difficulty seeing the three-dimensional images in hidden stereoscopic displays such as [[autostereogram]]s.<ref name="Tyler"> | |||
{{cite journal | |||
| author=Tyler, C.W. | |||
| year=2004 | |||
| title= Binocular Vision In, Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 2, Tasman W., Jaeger E.A. (Eds.), J.B. Lippincott Co.: Philadelphia}} | |||
</ref> | |||
==What are the causes of amblyopia?== | ==What are the causes of amblyopia?== | ||
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What is amblyopia?
Amblyopia (commonly referred to as lazy eye) is the failure of one eye, although otherwise physically normal, to develop normal vision and see details.
The brain and the eye work together to produce vision. Light enters the eye and is changed into nerve signals that travel along the optic nerve to the brain. Amblyopia is the medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working together properly. The eye itself looks normal, but it is not being used normally because the brain is favoring the other eye. As a result, the affected eye fails to develop normal vision and see details. It has been estimated to affect 1–5% of the population.[1]
What are the symptoms of amblyopia?
Amblyopia often gives no clues to the untrained observer. In fact, many people with amblyopia, especially those who are only mildly so, are not even aware they have the condition until tested at older ages, since the vision in their stronger eye is normal. However, people with more severe amblyopia may experience associated visual disorders, most notably poor depth perception. Other symptoms include:
- Eyes that turn in or out
- Eyes that do not appear to work together
- Poor spatial acuity
- Low sensitivity to contrast
- Problems of binocular vision:
- Limited stereoscopic depth perception
- Difficulty seeing the three-dimensional images in hidden stereoscopic displays such as autostereograms.[2]
- Some "higher-level" deficits to vision, such as reduced sensitivity to motion [3] These deficits are usually specific to the amblyopic eye. Amblyopes also suffer from problems of binocular vision such as limited stereoscopic depth perception and usually have difficulty seeing the three-dimensional images in hidden stereoscopic displays such as autostereograms.[2]
What are the causes of amblyopia?
Who is at risk for amblyopia?
How to know you have amblyopia?
When to seek urgent medical care
Treatment options
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for amblyopia
Directions to Hospitals Treating amblyopia
Prevention of amblyopia
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
Sources
http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/amblyopia/amblyopia_guide.asp
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001014.htm
http://www.sightandhearing.org/sightcenter/ambly.asp
- ↑ Weber, JL; Wood, Joanne (2005). "Amblyopia: Prevalence, Natural History, Functional Effects and Treatment" ([dead link] – Scholar search). Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 88 (6): 365–375. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb05102.x. PMID 16329744.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tyler, C.W. (2004). "Binocular Vision In, Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 2, Tasman W., Jaeger E.A. (Eds.), J.B. Lippincott Co.: Philadelphia".
- ↑ Hess, R.F., Mansouri, B., Dakin, S.C., & Allen, H.A. (2006). "Integration of local motion is normal in amblyopia". J Opt Soc Am a Opt Image Sci Vis. 23 (5): 986–992. doi:10.1364/JOSAA.23.000986. PMID 16642175.