Achlorhydria (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
*Achlorhydria is often the result of another disease process, so the treatment is usually focused on the underlying condition. | *Achlorhydria is often the result of another disease process, so the treatment is usually focused on the underlying condition. | ||
:*For achlorhydria associated with immune-mediated conditions, such as insulin dependent [[diabetes]], autoimmune thyroiditis, treatment of these disorders should also be the first. However, treatment of these diseases has no known effect in the treatment of achlorhydria. | |||
:*The standard therapy for achlorhydria associated with H pylori infection is to eradication H pylori by [[PPI]] plus [[clarithromycin]] plus [[amoxicillin]]. For patients who are allergic to [[penicillin]], amoxicillin can be replaced by [[levofloxacin]]. | :*The standard therapy for achlorhydria associated with H pylori infection is to eradication H pylori by [[PPI]] plus [[clarithromycin]] plus [[amoxicillin]]. For patients who are allergic to [[penicillin]], amoxicillin can be replaced by [[levofloxacin]]. | ||
:*For achlorhydria resulting from ingestion of irritating foods or anti-inflammatory medications, dietary counseling is often recommended. If anti-inflammatory medications must be taken, the patient may benefit by ingesting them with meals or milk. | :*For achlorhydria resulting from ingestion of irritating foods or anti-inflammatory medications, dietary counseling is often recommended. If anti-inflammatory medications must be taken, the patient may benefit by ingesting them with meals or milk. | ||
:*Treatment of [[gastritis]] that leads to [[pernicious anemia]] consists of parenteral vitamin B-12 injection. | :*Treatment of [[gastritis]] that leads to [[pernicious anemia]] consists of parenteral vitamin B-12 injection. | ||
:*Achlorhydria resulting from long-term PPI use may be treated by dose reduction or withdrawal of the PPI. | :*Achlorhydria resulting from long-term PPI use may be treated by dose reduction or withdrawal of the PPI. | ||
*The primary treatment for bacterial overgrowth resulting from low gastric acid secretion is | *Antibacteria therapy: Antimicrobials such as [[metronidazole]], [[amoxicillin]]-clavulanate potassium, [[ciprofloxacin]], or [[rifaximin]] are suggested to treat bacterial overgrowth. | ||
The primary treatment for bacterial overgrowth resulting from low gastric acid secretion is or administration of antibiotics. | |||
*nutritional supplementation | |||
==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ||
Revision as of 21:34, 22 February 2010
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Jinhui Wu, MD
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What is achlorhydria?
How do I know if I have achlorhydria and what are the symptoms of achlorhydria?
Patients with achlorhyria may have signs and aymptoms as the following:
- Impaired digestion or indigestion, undigested food in stools
- Nausea
- Bloating
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Increased susceptibility to bacterial and parasitic infection in stomach
- Iron deficiency
- Cracked nails
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Who is at risk for achlorhydria?
- Prior gastric bypass surgery
- Chronic gastric H pylori infection
- Chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use
- Autoimmune conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease.
- Elderly individuals
How to know you have achlorhydria?
- Measurement of basal acid secretion and gastric pH: These are the most important and basic study to prove the presence of the condition of achlorhydria. In patients with achlorhydric, more than 50% of them whose initial stomach pH is 4.0 or higher.
- Gastrin levels: Serum gastrin level in patients with achlorhydria is very high. A serum gastrin levels higher than 500-1000 pg/mL may suggest a diagnosis of achlorhydria.
- Antiparietal cell antibody testing: Achlorhydria shows a strong association with autoimmune conditions. Many patients with achlorhydria can be detected antiparietal cell antibody.
- Blood tests: Blood tests such as iron indices, calcium, prothrombin time, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, serum folate, and thiamine levels should be checked to exclude deficiencies and anemia.
- Endoscopy and biopsy: Endoscopy is an very important test used in patients with suspected achlorhydria. This test can help find the cause of achlorhydria. During the procedure, after you are sedated, an endoscope which is a thin, flexible, lighted tube was passed down your throat. Then the doctor can view the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. If abnormal areas are noted, biopsy can be obtained through the endoscope. The tissue samples will be checked by pathologist under a microscope to see what is the cause of achlorhydria.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if symptoms of achlorhydria develop.
Treatment options
- Achlorhydria is often the result of another disease process, so the treatment is usually focused on the underlying condition.
- For achlorhydria associated with immune-mediated conditions, such as insulin dependent diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, treatment of these disorders should also be the first. However, treatment of these diseases has no known effect in the treatment of achlorhydria.
- The standard therapy for achlorhydria associated with H pylori infection is to eradication H pylori by PPI plus clarithromycin plus amoxicillin. For patients who are allergic to penicillin, amoxicillin can be replaced by levofloxacin.
- For achlorhydria resulting from ingestion of irritating foods or anti-inflammatory medications, dietary counseling is often recommended. If anti-inflammatory medications must be taken, the patient may benefit by ingesting them with meals or milk.
- Treatment of gastritis that leads to pernicious anemia consists of parenteral vitamin B-12 injection.
- Achlorhydria resulting from long-term PPI use may be treated by dose reduction or withdrawal of the PPI.
- Antibacteria therapy: Antimicrobials such as metronidazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium, ciprofloxacin, or rifaximin are suggested to treat bacterial overgrowth.
The primary treatment for bacterial overgrowth resulting from low gastric acid secretion is or administration of antibiotics.
- nutritional supplementation
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for achlorhydria?
Directions to Hospitals Treating achlorhydria
Prevention of achlorhydria
What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?
Copyleft Sources
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/170066-overview
http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/a/achlorhydria/intro.htm
http://www.mdguidelines.com/achlorhydria-and-hypochlorhydria