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| '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Adrenoleukodystrophy|here]]''' | | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Babesiosis|here]]''' |
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| ==What is Adrenoleukodystrophy?== | | ==What is Babesiosis?== |
| [[Adrenoleukodystrophy]] describes several closely related [[inherited]] [[disorders]] that disrupt the breakdown ([[metabolism]]) of certain [[fats]] (very-long-chain [[fatty acids]]).
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| ==What are the symptoms of Adrenoleukodystrophy?==
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| '''Childhood [[cerebral]] type:'''
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| *Changes in [[muscle tone]], especially [[muscle spasms]] and [[spasticity]]
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| *[[Crossed eyes]] ([[strabismus]])
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| *Decreased understanding of verbal communication ([[aphasia]])
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| *Deterioration of handwriting
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| *Difficulty at school
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| *Difficulty understanding spoken material
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| *[[Hearing loss]]
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| *[[Hyperactivity]]
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| *Worsening [[nervous system]] deterioration
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| **[[Coma]]
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| **Decreased fine motor control
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| **[[Paralysis]]
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| *[[Seizures]]
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| *[[Swallowing difficulties]]
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| *[[Visual impairment]] or [[blindness]]
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| '''Adrenomyelopathy:'''
| | ==What are the symptoms of Babesiosis?== |
| *Difficulty controlling [[urination]]
| | ==What causes Babesiosis?== |
| *Possible worsening [[muscle weakness]] or [[leg]] [[stiffness]]
| | ==Who is at risk for Babesiosis?== |
| *Problems with thinking speed and [[visual memory]]
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| '''Adrenal gland failure (Addison type):'''
| | ==How do I know I have Babesiosis?== |
| *[[Coma]]
| | ==When to seek urgent medical care== |
| *[[Decreased appetite]]
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| *Increased [[skin color]] ([[pigmentation]])
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| *[[Loss of weight]], [[muscle mass]] ([[wasting]])
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| *[[Muscle weakness]]
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| *[[Vomiting]]
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| ==What causes Adrenoleukodystrophy?==
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| [[Adrenoleukodystrophy]] is passed down from parents to their children as an [[X-linked]] [[genetic trait]]. It therefore affects mostly [[males]], although some [[women]] who are [[Genetic carrier|carriers]] can have milder forms of the [[disease]]. It affects approximately 1 in 20,000 people from all races.
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| The [[condition]] results in the buildup of very-long-chain [[fatty acids]] in the [[nervous system]], [[adrenal gland]], and [[testes]], which disrupts normal activity. There are three major categories of [[disease]]:
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| *Childhood [[cerebral]] form -- appears in mid-childhood (at ages 4 - 8)
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| *Adrenomyelopathy -- occurs in men in their 20s or later in life
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| *Impaired [[adrenal gland]] function (called [[Addison disease]] or Addison-like [[phenotype]]) -- [[adrenal gland]] does not produce enough [[steroid hormones]]
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| ==Who is at risk for Adrenoleukodystrophy?==
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| [[Adrenoleukodystrophy]] is a [[genetic disorder]], so anyone with a [[family history]] of the [[disorder]] is at risk. Since the [[disease]] is passed down from parents to their children as an [[X-linked]] [[genetic trait]], [[males]] are mostly affected.
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| ==How do I know I have Adrenoleukodystrophy?== | |
| *[[Blood]] levels
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| *[[Chromosome]] study to look for changes ([[mutations]]) in the [[ABCD1]] gene
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| *[[MRI]] of the [[head]]
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| ==When to seek urgent medical care==
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| Call your [[health care provider]] if:
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| *Your child develops symptoms of [[X-linked]] [[adrenoleukodystrophy]]
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| *Your child has [[X-linked]] [[adrenoleukodystrophy]] and is getting worse
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| ==Treatment options== | | ==Treatment options== |
| [[Adrenal]] [[dysfunction]] is treated with [[steroids]] (such as [[cortisol]]).
| | ==Where to find medical care for Babesiosis== |
| | | [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Adrenoleukodystrophy}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Babesiosis] |
| A specific treatment for [[X-linked]] [[adrenoleukodystrophy]] is not available, but eating a [[diet]] low in very-long-chain [[fatty acids]] and taking special oils can lower the [[blood]] levels of very-long-chain [[fatty acids]].
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| These oils are called [[Lorenzo's oil]], after the son of the family who discovered the treatment. This treatment is being tested for [[X-linked]] [[adrenoleukodystrophy]], but it does not cure the [[disease]] and may not help all [[patients]].
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| [[Bone marrow transplant]] is also being tested as an experimental treatment.
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| ==Where to find medical care for Adrenoleukodystrophy== | |
| [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Adrenoleukodystrophy}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Adrenoleukodystrophy] | |
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| ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== | | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== |
| The [[childhood]] form of [[X-linked]] [[adrenoleukodystrophy]] is a progressive [[disease]] that leads to a long-term [[coma]] ([[vegetative state]]) about 2 years after [[neurological]] symptoms develop. The child can live in this [[condition]] for as long as 10 years until [[death]] occurs.
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| The other forms of this [[disease]] are milder.
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| ==Possible complications== | | ==Possible complications== |
| *[[Adrenal]] crisis
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| *[[Vegetative state]] (long-term [[coma]])
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| ==Sources== | | ==Sources== |
| http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001182.htm
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| {{SIB}} | | {{SIB}} |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| [[Category:Patient Information]] | | [[Category:Patient Information]] |