Lymphoma: Difference between revisions
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**[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] | **[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] | ||
**Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma | **Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma | ||
** | **Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without villous lymphocytes) | ||
**[[ | **[[Hairy cell leukemia]] | ||
** | **Splenic lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable | ||
**[[Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma]] | |||
**[[Heavy chain diseases]] | **[[Heavy chain diseases]] | ||
** | **Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type ([[MALT lymphoma]]) | ||
**Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without monocytoid B cells) | |||
** | |||
**[[Follicular lymphoma]] | **[[Follicular lymphoma]] | ||
**Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma | |||
**[[Mantle cell lymphoma]] | **[[Mantle cell lymphoma]] | ||
**[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]] | **[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] (DLBCL) | ||
***T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma | ***Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified | ||
*** | ***T-cell /histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma | ||
***Intravascular large B cell lymphoma | ***DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation | ||
***ALK | ***EBV positive DLBCL of the elderly | ||
** | ***Lymphomatoid granulomatosis | ||
** | ***Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma | ||
**[[ | ***Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma | ||
**B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt | ***Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type | ||
***ALK positive DLBCL | |||
***Plasmablastic lymphoma | |||
***Primary effusion lymphoma | |||
***Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease | |||
**[[Burkitt lymphoma/Burkitt cell leukemia]] | |||
**B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma | |||
**B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma | **B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
Revision as of 03:36, 31 August 2010
For patient information click here
| Lymphoma | |
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| Lymph node: Malignant Lymphoma Large Cell Type: Gross natural color excellent view of cut mesentery showing massively enlarged mesenteric nodes with focal hemorrhages case diagnosed several years ago as reticulum cell sarcoma excellent demonstration of nodes with lymphoma. Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology | |
| ICD-10 | C81-C96 |
| ICD-O: | 9590-9999 |
| MeSH | D008223 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-in-Chief: Ross Bonander
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system). There are many types of lymphoma. Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms.
In the 19th and 20th centuries the affliction was called Hodgkin's Disease, as it was discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. Colloquially, lymphoma is broadly categorized as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all other types of lymphoma). Scientific classification of the types of lymphoma is more detailed.
Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas.[1]
Prevalence
According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.
Because the lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.
Classification
WHO classification
The WHO Classification is the latest classification of lymphoma, published by the World Health Organization in 2001.[1] It was based upon the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL).
This classification attempts to classify lymphomas by cell type, i.e. the normal cell type that most closely resembles the tumor. They are classified in three large groups: the B cell tumors, the T cell and natural killer cell tumors, Hodgkin lymphoma, and other minor groups: (ICD-O codes are provided where available)
Mature B cell neoplasms
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
- B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
- Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without villous lymphocytes)
- Hairy cell leukemia
- Splenic lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable
- Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma
- Heavy chain diseases
- Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type (MALT lymphoma)
- Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without monocytoid B cells)
- Follicular lymphoma
- Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
- T-cell /histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma
- DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation
- EBV positive DLBCL of the elderly
- Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
- Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
- Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type
- ALK positive DLBCL
- Plasmablastic lymphoma
- Primary effusion lymphoma
- Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease
- Burkitt lymphoma/Burkitt cell leukemia
- B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma
- B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma
B-cell proliferations of uncertain malignant potential
- Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms
Leukemic/disseminated
- T cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
- Aggressive NK cell leukemia
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
Cutaneous
- Mycosis fungoides
- Sezary syndrome
- Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders
- Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Lymphomatoid papulosis
Other extranodal
- Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
- Enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
- Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma
- Subcutaneous pannicultis-like T cell lymphoma
Nodal
- Peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS (not otherwise specified)
- Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma
- Primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Neoplasms of uncertain lineage, stage of differentiation
- Blastic NK cell lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Nodular sclerosis
- Mixed cellularity
- Lymphocyte-rich
- Lymphocyte depleted or not depleted
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
- Associated with a primary immune disorder
- Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Post-transplant
- Associated with Methotrexate therapy
Working formulation
The Working Formulation, published in 1982, is primarily descriptive. It is still occasionally used, but has been superseded by the WHO classification, above.
Low grade
- Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
- Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell
- Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, mixed (small cleaved and large cell)
High grade
- Malignant Lymphoma, large cell, immunoblastic
- Malignant Lymphoma, lymphoblastic
- Malignant Lymphoma, small non-cleaved cells (Burkitt's lymphoma)
Miscellaneous
- Composite
- Histiocytic
- Extramedullary plasmacytoma
- Unclassifiable
Other classification systems
For diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment
Please see separate links to Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Genetics
Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is environmentally induced as a result of the consumption of Triticeae glutens. In gluten sensitive individuals with EATL 68% are homozygotes of the DQB1*02 subtype at the HLA-DQB1 locus (serotype DQ2).[2] (See Coeliac Disease, HLA-DQ, HLA DR3-DQ2)
See also
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- Gastric lymphoma
- BCP-1 cells
- Ann Arbor staging
- International Prognostic Index
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pathology and Genetics of Haemo (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours S.). Oxford Univ Pr. ISBN 92-832-2411-6.
- ↑ Al-Toma A, Verbeek WH, Hadithi M, von Blomberg BM, Mulder CJ (2007). "Survival in Refractory Coeliac Disease and Enteropathy associated T cell Lymphoma: Retrospective evaluation of single centre experience". doi:10.1136/gut.2006.114512. PMID 17470479.
External links
Research Foundations and Working Groups
- Lymphoma Research Foundation
- Leukemia Research Foundation
- International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium
- Competence Network Malignant Lymphomas (German Lymphoma Study Groups)
Information
- MedlinePlus: Lymphoma
- National Cancer Institute: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Lymphoma Information Network
- ICD10 classification of lymphoma
- Report of an International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for NHLs
Societies and Support Groups
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
- Online Lymphoma Support Groups
- The Lymphoma Association (UK)
- Lymphoma Support Ireland
- Coventry Lymphoma Association Support Group (UK)
Statistics
- US Lymphoma SEER Fact Sheet from the National Cancer Institute
- UK Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics
- UK Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics
- About Lymphomas - Patients Against Lymphoma
- Timeline of discovery and treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- National Cancer Institute (May 2007). "Risk of Lymphoma Increases with Hepatitis C Virus Infection".
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