Graham Steel Murmur: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
A Graham Steel murmur is a [[heart murmur]] typically associated with [[pulmonary regurgitation]]. It is a high pitched [[early diastolic]] murmur heard best at the left sternal edge in the second [[intercostal space]] during [[inspiration]]. | A Graham Steel murmur is a [[heart murmur]] typically associated with [[pulmonary regurgitation]]. It is a high pitched [[early diastolic]] murmur heard best at the left sternal edge in the second [[intercostal space]] during [[inspiration]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
It is named for [[Graham Steell]].<ref name="pmid4433433">{{cite journal |author=McArthur JD, Sukumar IP, Munsi SC, Krishnaswami S, Cherian G |title=Reassessment of Graham Steell murmur using platinum electrode technique |journal=Br Heart J |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=1023–7 |year=1974 |month=October |pmid=4433433 |pmc=1020054 |doi= 10.1136/hrt.36.10.1023|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4433433}}</ref><ref name="pmid2023159">{{cite journal |author=Fraser AG, Weston CF |title=The Graham Steell murmur: eponymous serendipity? |journal=J R Coll Physicians Lond |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=66–70 |year=1991 |month=January |pmid=2023159 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The murmur is heard due to a high [[velocity]] regurgitant flow across the [[pulmonary valve]] | The murmur is heard due to a high [[velocity]] regurgitant flow across the [[pulmonary valve]]. | ||
==Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes== | ==Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes== | ||
The Graham Steel murmur is most often a consequence of [[pulmonary hypertension]]. | The Graham Steel murmur is most often a consequence of [[pulmonary hypertension]]. The Graham Steell murmur is often heard in patients with chronic [[cor pulmonale]] (pulmonary heart disease) as a result of [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
It is named for [[Graham Steell]].<ref name="pmid4433433">{{cite journal |author=McArthur JD, Sukumar IP, Munsi SC, Krishnaswami S, Cherian G |title=Reassessment of Graham Steell murmur using platinum electrode technique |journal=Br Heart J |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=1023–7 |year=1974 |month=October |pmid=4433433 |pmc=1020054 |doi= 10.1136/hrt.36.10.1023|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4433433}}</ref><ref name="pmid2023159">{{cite journal |author=Fraser AG, Weston CF |title=The Graham Steell murmur: eponymous serendipity? |journal=J R Coll Physicians Lond |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=66–70 |year=1991 |month=January |pmid=2023159 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
Revision as of 18:39, 23 July 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
A Graham Steel murmur is a heart murmur typically associated with pulmonary regurgitation. It is a high pitched early diastolic murmur heard best at the left sternal edge in the second intercostal space during inspiration.
Historical Perspective
It is named for Graham Steell.[1][2]
Pathophysiology
The murmur is heard due to a high velocity regurgitant flow across the pulmonary valve.
Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes
The Graham Steel murmur is most often a consequence of pulmonary hypertension. The Graham Steell murmur is often heard in patients with chronic cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease) as a result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Historical Perspective
It is named for Graham Steell.[1][2]
Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McArthur JD, Sukumar IP, Munsi SC, Krishnaswami S, Cherian G (1974). "Reassessment of Graham Steell murmur using platinum electrode technique". Br Heart J. 36 (10): 1023–7. doi:10.1136/hrt.36.10.1023. PMC 1020054. PMID 4433433. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fraser AG, Weston CF (1991). "The Graham Steell murmur: eponymous serendipity?". J R Coll Physicians Lond. 25 (1): 66–70. PMID 2023159. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)