Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editors-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]

The physical examination in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection depends on the following factors-

• Type of anatomic connection present between systemic and pulmonary venous circulation
• Degree of obstruction
• Type of obstruction (obstructed, unobstructed)
• Amount of right to left shunting

Physical Examination

General Physical examination

• Cyanosis (right to left shunt)
• Decreased pulses (low systemic blood flow)
• Hypotension (low systemic blood flow)
• Tachypnea (right sided volume overload)
• Hepatomegaly, peripheral edema (right sided heart failure)

Cardiovascular examination

Inspection

• Precodial asymmetry indicating right ventricular hypertrophy

Palpation

• Right ventricular heave

Auscultation

• Prominent, Fixed split second heart sound (S2)
• S3 gallop
• Systolic ejection murmur at left upper sternal border
• Diastolic murmur due to tricuspid regurgitation