Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection echocardiography

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief:Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3] Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [[4]]

Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[5]]

2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The findings depend on the anotomic variant present. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are-

• Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
• Supracardiac
  • Common ascending vein
  • Dilated superior vena cava

• Infracardiac
  • Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
  • Dilated inferior vena cava

• Cardiac
  • Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.

• Hypertrophy of the chambers of right side of heart(atrium and ventricle)
• Right-to-left interatrial connections