Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Difference between revisions
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==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy overview|Overview]]== | ==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy overview|Overview]]== | ||
'''Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''', or '''HCM''', is a disease of the [[myocardium]] (the [[muscle]] of the [[heart]]) in which a portion of the myocardium is [[left ventricular hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] (thickened) without any alternate cause such as [[hypertension]], [[amyloid]] or [[aortic stenosis]].<ref name="Richardson, McKenna et al 1996">Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, Maisch B, Mautner B, O'Connell J, Olsen E, Thiene G, Goodwin J, Gyarfas I, Martin I, Nordet P. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]''. 1996 Mar 1; '''93'''(5):841–2. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8598070 Medline abstract]; [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/5/841 Full text])</ref><ref name="Maron 2002">Maron B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]'' 2002. '''287''':1308–20</ref><ref name="Sherrid Chaudhry et al 2003">Sherrid M, Chaudhry FA, Swistel DG. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction. ''Annals of Thoracic Surgery'' 2003; '''75''':620–32</ref><ref name="Wigle, Sasson et al 1985">Wigle D, Sasson Z, Henderson MA, Ruddy TD, Fulop J, Rakowski H, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1985; '''28''':1–83</ref><ref name="Wigle, Rakowski et al 1995">Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — clinical spectrum and treatment. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]'' 1995; '''92''':1680–92</ref><ref name="Maron, McKenna et al 2003">Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, Kappenberger LJ, Kuhn HJ, Seidman CE, Shah PM, Spencer WH III, Spirito P, Ten Cate FJ, Wigle ED. [[American College of Cardiology]] / [[European Society of Cardiology]] clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ''[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology|J Am Coll Cardiol]]''. 2003; '''42''':1687–713 | |||
</ref> Although HCM has gained notoriety as a leading cause of [[sudden cardiac death]] in young athletes, | |||
<ref name="Maron, Thompson et al 1996">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, McGrew CA, Strong WB, Douglas PS, Clark LT, Mitten MJ, Crawford MH, Atkins DL, Driscoll DJ, Epstein AE. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]''. 1996 Aug 15; '''94'''(4):850-6. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8772711 Medline abstract]; [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/4/850 Full text])</ref> | |||
it should be noted that HCM is a cause of [[sudden cardiac death]] in any age group and may be associated with cardiac morbidity and disabling cardiac symptoms as well. | |||
A non-obstructive variant of HCM is known as '''apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' <ref name="Rivera-Diaz, Moosvi 1996">Rivera-Diaz J, Moosvi AR. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ''South Med J''. 1996 Jul; '''89'''(7):711-3. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8685759 Medline abstract]; [http://www.sma.org/smj/96jul12.htm Full text])</ref>, | |||
which is also known as '''nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' and '''Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' or the '''Yamaguchi variant''' (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent). | |||
==Pathophysiology and Etiology== | ==Pathophysiology and Etiology== | ||
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* [http://www.4hcm.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association] | * [http://www.4hcm.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association] | ||
* [http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/ Cardiomyopathy Association] | * [http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/ Cardiomyopathy Association] | ||
* [http://www.hcmresearchfoundation.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation] | * [http://www.hcmresearchfoundation.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation] | ||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
{{Circulatory system pathology}} | {{Circulatory system pathology}} | ||
Revision as of 16:53, 28 July 2011
For patient information click here
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology | |
| ICD-10 | I42.1-I42.2 |
| ICD-9 | 425.4 |
| DiseasesDB | 6373 |
| MeSH | D002312 |
Editors-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Cafer Zorkun, M.D. [2], Caitlin J. Harrigan [3], Martin S. Maron, M.D., and Barry J. Maron, M.D.
Synonyms and Related Terms: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or HCM, Asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOCM, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or IHSS
Overview
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any alternate cause such as hypertension, amyloid or aortic stenosis.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Although HCM has gained notoriety as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, [7] it should be noted that HCM is a cause of sudden cardiac death in any age group and may be associated with cardiac morbidity and disabling cardiac symptoms as well.
A non-obstructive variant of HCM is known as apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [8], which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or the Yamaguchi variant (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent).
Pathophysiology and Etiology
Histopathologic Abnormalities | Anatomic Abnormalities | Functional Abnormalities
Epidemiology and genetics
Natural History, Prognosis and Sudden Cardiac Death Risk
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis | Symptoms | Physical examination | Screening | Electrocardiogram | Echocardiography | Cardiac MRI | Cardiac CT | Positron Emission Tomography | Cardiac Catheterization | Electrophysiologic study | Pathological Findings
Treatment
Medical treatment | Interventional Cardiology and Device Based Therapy | Surgical treatment
Special clinical scenarios
Hypotension/Cardiovascular collapse | Pregnancy
External links
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
- Cardiomyopathy Association
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation
References
- ↑ Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, Maisch B, Mautner B, O'Connell J, Olsen E, Thiene G, Goodwin J, Gyarfas I, Martin I, Nordet P. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1; 93(5):841–2. (Medline abstract; Full text)
- ↑ Maron B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. JAMA 2002. 287:1308–20
- ↑ Sherrid M, Chaudhry FA, Swistel DG. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003; 75:620–32
- ↑ Wigle D, Sasson Z, Henderson MA, Ruddy TD, Fulop J, Rakowski H, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1985; 28:1–83
- ↑ Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation 1995; 92:1680–92
- ↑ Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, Kappenberger LJ, Kuhn HJ, Seidman CE, Shah PM, Spencer WH III, Spirito P, Ten Cate FJ, Wigle ED. American College of Cardiology / European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42:1687–713
- ↑ Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, McGrew CA, Strong WB, Douglas PS, Clark LT, Mitten MJ, Crawford MH, Atkins DL, Driscoll DJ, Epstein AE. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. Circulation. 1996 Aug 15; 94(4):850-6. (Medline abstract; Full text)
- ↑ Rivera-Diaz J, Moosvi AR. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. South Med J. 1996 Jul; 89(7):711-3. (Medline abstract; Full text)