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==[[ST elevation myocardial infarction overview|Overview]]==
==[[ST elevation myocardial infarction overview|Overview]]==
[[Acute myocardial infarction]] ('''AMI''' or '''MI'''), more commonly known as a '''heart attack''', is a medical condition that occurs when the [[Blood flow|blood supply]] to a part of the [[heart]] muscle or myocardium is interrupted. The resulting [[ischemia]] or [[Hypoxia (medical)|oxygen shortage]] causes damage and / or irreversible death (necrosis) of the myocardium (heart muscle). It is a [[medical emergency]], and the leading cause of death for both men and women worldwide, particularly in developed countries.<ref name="WHO-2002">{{cite book | authorlink=http://www.who.int/en/ | title=The World Health Report 2004 - Changing History | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] | date=2004 | pages=120-4 | format=PDF | url=http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf | id= ISBN 92-4-156265-X}}</ref>  The term ''myocardial infarction'' is derived from ''[[myocardium]]'' (the heart muscle) and ''[[infarction]]'' (tissue death due to oxygen starvation). The phrase "heart attack" is sometimes used incorrectly to describe [[sudden cardiac death]], which may or may not be the result of acute myocardial infarction.
There are two types of acute MI: [[ST elevation myocardial infarction]] ([[STEMI]]), the topic of this chapter and [[non ST elevation MI]] ([[NSTEMI]]) which is discussed in another chapter of WikiDoc. [[ST elevation myocardial infarction]] refers to an [[Electrocardiography|electrocardiographic]] pattern in which the ST segments are elevated reflecting complete epicardial vessel occlusion.  Once the vessel is opened by percutaneous coronary angioplasty, the ST segments can remain elevated due to absence of perfusion or flow into the myocardium itself. At this point in the evolution of the ST elevation MI, the epicardial artery is open, but the capillary network is occluded due to swelling, embolization, and / or vasospasm.
[[Non ST elevation myocardial infarction]] refers to a disease state in which the epicardial artery is open, but there is inadequate blood flow to the myocardium which results in an [[Electrocardiography|electrocardiographic]] pattern of ST segment depression.  While ST elevation reflects transmural injury, ST depression may reflect ongoing subendocardial [[ischemia]]. Inadequate blood flow to the muscle may be due to embolization of material downstream into the myocardium or a restriction of blood flow due to severe narrowing of the epicardial artery. <ref>Hurst’s The Heart, Fuster V, 12th edition, 2008</ref> <ref>Topol’s Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Topol E, 3rd edition, 2007</ref> <ref>Mayo Textbook of Cardiology, 2007</ref>


==[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Epidemiology and Demographics | Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Epidemiology and Demographics | Epidemiology and Demographics]]==

Revision as of 17:24, 28 July 2011

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Myocardial infarction
ICD-10 I21-I22
ICD-9 410
DiseasesDB 8664
MedlinePlus 000195

WikiDoc Resources for ST elevation myocardial infarction

Articles

Most recent articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction

Most cited articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction

Review articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction

Articles on ST elevation myocardial infarction in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

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Images of ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Podcasts & MP3s on ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on ST elevation myocardial infarction at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on ST elevation myocardial infarction

NICE Guidance on ST elevation myocardial infarction

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FDA on ST elevation myocardial infarction

CDC on ST elevation myocardial infarction

Books

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News

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Definitions of ST elevation myocardial infarction

Patient Resources / Community

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Risk calculators and risk factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of ST elevation myocardial infarction

Causes & Risk Factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction

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CME Programs on ST elevation myocardial infarction

International

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Experimental / Informatics

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Cardiology Network

Discuss ST elevation myocardial infarction further in the WikiDoc Cardiology Network
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Anne-Marie Anagnostopoulos, M.D.; Debanik Chaudhuri, M.D.

Keywords and synonyms: AMI, STEMI, heart attack, MI, myocardial infarct, acute MI, coronary, coronary thrombosis

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Triggers

Pathophysiology of Vessel Occlusion

Pathophysiology of Reperfusion

Diagnosis

Diagnosis, classification and biomarkers

Symptoms

Differential diagnosis of chest pain

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Coronary Angiography

Gross Pathology

Histopathology

Treatment

Pre-Hospital Care

Initial Care

Oxygen | Nitrates | Analgesics | Aspirin | Beta Blockers | Antithrombins | The coronary care unit | The step down unit

Pharmacologic Reperfusion | Reperfusion Therapy (Overview of Fibrinolysis and Primary PCI) | Fibrinolysis

Mechanical Reperfusion | The importance of reducing Door-to-Balloon times | Primary PCI | Adjunctive and Rescue PCI | Rescue PCI | Facilitated PCI | Adjunctive PCI | CABG | Management of Patients Who Were Not Reperfused | Assessing Success of Reperfusion

Antithrombin TherapyAntithrombin therapyUnfractionated heparin Low Molecular Weight Heparinoid Therapy Direct Thrombin Inhibitor TherapyFactor Xa InhibitionDVT prophylaxisLong term anticoagulation

Antiplatelet Agents | Aspirin | Thienopyridine Therapy | Glycoprotein IIbIIIa Inhibition

Other Initial Therapy | Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System | Magnesium Therapy | Glucose Control | Calcium Channel Blocker Therapy

Discharge Care

Secondary Prevention | Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System | Cardiac Rehabilitation | Prognosis | Pacemaker Implantation | Long term anticoagulation

Complications

Overview

Ischemic Complications: Reinfarction

Mechanical Complications:Cardiogenic shock | Left ventricular aneurysm | Myocardial rupture | Pseudoaneurysm | Papillary muscle rupture | Rupture of the ventricular septum

Arrhythmic Complications: Sudden cardiac death

Embolic Complications: Stroke | DVT

Pericarditis: Post myocardial infarction pericarditis | Dressler's syndrome

See also


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External links

References

ar:احتشاء قلبي bg:Инфаркт на миокарда cs:Infarkt myokardu de:Myokardinfarkt et:Müokardi infarkt eu:Miokardio infartu akutu ko:심근경색 hr:Infarkt miokarda id:Serangan jantung it:Infarto del miocardio he:התקף לב ku:Mirina masûlkeyên dil la:Infarctus cordis mk:Срцев напад ms:Sakit jantung nl:Hartaanval no:Hjerteinfarkt sq:Infarkti miokardial sr:Срчани удар fi:Sydäninfarkti sv:Hjärtinfarkt ur:احتشاء عضل قلب uk:Гострий інфаркт міокарду yi:הארץ אטאקע

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