Chlamydia infection (patient information): Difference between revisions
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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Chlamydia infection|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Chlamydia infection|here]]''' | ||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' Alexandra M. Palmer | |||
==Overview== | |||
== | |||
[[Chlamydia]] is a [[disease]] caused by the [[bacteria]] [[Chlamydia trachomatis]]. It is most commonly [[sexually transmitted]]. | [[Chlamydia]] is a [[disease]] caused by the [[bacteria]] [[Chlamydia trachomatis]]. It is most commonly [[sexually transmitted]]. | ||
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*[[Testicular]] [[tenderness]] or [[pain]] | *[[Testicular]] [[tenderness]] or [[pain]] | ||
*[[Rectal]] discharge or [[pain]] | *[[Rectal]] discharge or [[pain]] | ||
Only about 30% of women with [[chlamydia]] have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include: | Only about 30% of women with [[chlamydia]] have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include: | ||
*Burning sensation during [[urination]] | *Burning sensation during [[urination]] | ||
*Painful [[sexual intercourse]] | *Painful [[sexual intercourse]] | ||
*[[Rectal]] [[pain]] or discharge | *[[Rectal]] [[pain]] or discharge | ||
*Symptoms of [[PID]], [[salpingitis]], [[liver]] [[inflammation]] similar to [[hepatitis]] | *Symptoms of [[PID]], [[salpingitis]], [[liver]] [[inflammation]] similar to [[hepatitis]] | ||
*[[Vaginal discharge]] | *[[Vaginal discharge]] | ||
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==When to seek urgent medical care== | ==When to seek urgent medical care== | ||
Call your [[health care provider]] if you have symptoms of [[chlamydia]]. | Call your [[health care provider]] if you have symptoms of [[chlamydia]]. | ||
Because many people with [[chlamydia]] may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for the [[infection]]. | Because many people with [[chlamydia]] may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for the [[infection]]. | ||
==Prevention of Chlamydia infection == | ==Prevention of Chlamydia infection == | ||
Safe sexual practices and consistent [[condom]] use are important ways to help reduce your chances of becoming infected with [[chlamydia]]. | Safe sexual practices and consistent [[condom]] use are important ways to help reduce your chances of becoming infected with [[chlamydia]]. | ||
A [[screening test]] for [[chlamydia]] is recommended each year for: | A [[screening test]] for [[chlamydia]] is recommended each year for: | ||
*Sexually active women age 25 and younger | *Sexually active women age 25 and younger | ||
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==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
The mainstay of [[therapy]] for [[chlamydia]] includes appropriate [[antibiotic]] [[treatment]] -- these include: [[tetracyclines]], [[azithromycin]], or [[erythromycin]]. | The mainstay of [[therapy]] for [[chlamydia]] includes appropriate [[antibiotic]] [[treatment]] -- these include: [[tetracyclines]], [[azithromycin]], or [[erythromycin]]. | ||
You can get [[chlamydia]] with [[gonorrhea]] or [[syphilis]], so if you have one [[sexually transmitted disease]] you must be screened for other [[sexually transmitted diseases]] as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for [[chlamydia]]. | You can get [[chlamydia]] with [[gonorrhea]] or [[syphilis]], so if you have one [[sexually transmitted disease]] you must be screened for other [[sexually transmitted diseases]] as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for [[chlamydia]]. | ||
Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the [[infection]] back and forth. There is no significant [[immunity]] following the [[infection]] and a person may become repeatedly infected. | Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the [[infection]] back and forth. There is no significant [[immunity]] following the [[infection]] and a person may become repeatedly infected. | ||
A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the [[infection]] has been cured. | A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the [[infection]] has been cured. | ||
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==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
Untreated [[infection]] may lead to [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] ([[PID]]), which can cause [[scarring]] of the [[fallopian tubes]] and result in [[infertility]]. Tubal [[scarring]] also increases the likelihood of an [[ectopic pregnancy]] ([[tubal pregnancy]]). | Untreated [[infection]] may lead to [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] ([[PID]]), which can cause [[scarring]] of the [[fallopian tubes]] and result in [[infertility]]. Tubal [[scarring]] also increases the likelihood of an [[ectopic pregnancy]] ([[tubal pregnancy]]). | ||
If a women is infected with [[chlamydia]] while [[pregnant]], the [[infection]] can cause premature labor and delivery. In addition, the infant may develop [[chlamydial]] [[conjunctivitis]] ([[eye]] [[infection]]) and [[chlamydial]] [[pneumonia]]. | If a women is infected with [[chlamydia]] while [[pregnant]], the [[infection]] can cause premature labor and delivery. In addition, the infant may develop [[chlamydial]] [[conjunctivitis]] ([[eye]] [[infection]]) and [[chlamydial]] [[pneumonia]]. | ||
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{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Patient Information]] | [[Category:Patient Information]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | |||
[[Category:Sexually transmitted diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Chlamydiae]] | |||
[[Category:Disease state]] | |||
Revision as of 13:30, 29 July 2011
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Alexandra M. Palmer
Overview
Chlamydia is a disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most commonly sexually transmitted.
What are the symptoms of Chlamydia infection?
As many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include:
- Burning sensation during urination
- Discharge from the penis or rectum
- Testicular tenderness or pain
- Rectal discharge or pain
Only about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include:
- Burning sensation during urination
- Painful sexual intercourse
- Rectal pain or discharge
- Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis
- Vaginal discharge
What causes Chlamydia infection?
Chlamydia infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States.
Who is at risk for Chlamydia infection?
Sexually active individuals and individuals with multiple partners are at highest risk.
How do I know I have Chlamydia infection?
The diagnosis of chlamydia infection involves sampling of the urethral discharge in males or cervical secretions in females. If an individual engages in anal sexual contact, samples from the rectum may also be needed. The sample is sent for a fluorescent or monoclonal antibody test, DNA probe test, or cell culture. Some of these tests may also be performed on urine samples.
When to seek urgent medical care
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of chlamydia. Because many people with chlamydia may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for the infection.
Prevention of Chlamydia infection
Safe sexual practices and consistent condom use are important ways to help reduce your chances of becoming infected with chlamydia. A screening test for chlamydia is recommended each year for:
- Sexually active women age 25 and younger
- Women over age 25 who have new or multiple sex partners
Treatment options
The mainstay of therapy for chlamydia includes appropriate antibiotic treatment -- these include: tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin. You can get chlamydia with gonorrhea or syphilis, so if you have one sexually transmitted disease you must be screened for other sexually transmitted diseases as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for chlamydia. Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth. There is no significant immunity following the infection and a person may become repeatedly infected. A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the infection has been cured.
Where to find medical care for Chlamydia infection
Directions to Hospitals Treating Chlamydia infection
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
Early antibiotic treatment is extremely successful and may prevent the development of long-term complications. Untreated infection, however, may lead to PID, scarring, and ultimately infertility.
Possible complications
Untreated infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes and result in infertility. Tubal scarring also increases the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy). If a women is infected with chlamydia while pregnant, the infection can cause premature labor and delivery. In addition, the infant may develop chlamydial conjunctivitis (eye infection) and chlamydial pneumonia.