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==Overview==
==Overview==
*'''Angina pectoris''', commonly known as '''angina''', is [[chest pain]] <ref name="urlMerckMedicus : Dorlands Medical Dictionary">{{cite web |url=http://merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/drlnd/one_04/000004934.htm#000004934 |title=MerckMedicus : Dorland's Medical Dictionary |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref> due to [[ischemia]] (a lack of blood and subsequent lack of [[oxygen]] supply) of the [[myocardium|heart muscle]], generally due to obstruction or spasm of the [[coronary circulation|coronary arteries]] (the heart's blood vessels).  
*2% of pregnancies involve maternal cardiovascular disease.
*[[Coronary heart disease|Coronary artery disease]] or atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of angina. The term derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''ankhon'' ("strangling") and the [[Latin]] ''pectus'' ("chest") meaning "a strangling feeling in the chest".
*With a careful pre-pregnancy evaluation, most women with cardiovascular disease can have a pregnancy with proper care.
*In [[angina pectoris]], symptomatic onset may include [[chest discomfort]] indicated by a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain in the chest cavity.
*Pregnancy can "unmask" underlying cardiovascular disease, due to hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy.<ref name="pmid19329725">{{cite journal| author=Roos-Hesselink JW, Duvekot JJ, Thorne SA| title=Pregnancy in high risk cardiac conditions. | journal=Heart | year= 2009 | volume= 95 | issue= 8 | pages= 680-6 | pmid=19329725 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2008.148932 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19329725  }} </ref>
 
*Maternal cardiovascular disease includes (most commonly) congenital disease, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valvular disease (with as mitral valve prolapse), pulmonary hypertension, and coronary disease. cardiac disease is now congenital in origin. Other cardiovascular problems seen include cardiomyopathies, both dilated and hypertrophic, and valvular disease, such as bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse. Less common problems include pulmonary hypertension and, rarely, coronary artery disease.  Any of the above require a strategy regarding the frequency of follow-up by the cardiologist and a plan for labor and delivery.<ref name="pmid15020530">{{cite journal| author=Thorne SA| title=Pregnancy in heart disease. | journal=Heart | year= 2004 | volume= 90 | issue= 4 | pages= 450-6 | pmid=15020530 | doi= | pmc=PMC1768170 | url= }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:35, 8 August 2011

Cardiac disease in pregnancy Microchapters

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Exercise Testing

Radiation Exposure

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Pulmonary artery catheterization
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Cardiac Ablation

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Cardiovascular Drugs in Pregnancy

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Resuscitation in Late Pregnancy

Contraindications to pregnancy

Special Scenarios:

I. Pre-existing Cardiac Disease:
Congenital Heart Disease
Repaired Congenital Heart Disease
Pulmonary Hypertension
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Connective Tissue Disorders
II. Valvular Heart Disease:
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Aortic Insufficiency
Aortic Stenosis
Mechanical Prosthetic Valves
Tissue Prosthetic Valves
III. Cardiomyopathy:
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
IV. Cardiac diseases that may develop During Pregnancy:
Arrhythmias
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor In Chief: Anjan K. Chakrabarti, M.D. [2]


Overview

  • 2% of pregnancies involve maternal cardiovascular disease.
  • With a careful pre-pregnancy evaluation, most women with cardiovascular disease can have a pregnancy with proper care.
  • Pregnancy can "unmask" underlying cardiovascular disease, due to hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy.[1]
  • Maternal cardiovascular disease includes (most commonly) congenital disease, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valvular disease (with as mitral valve prolapse), pulmonary hypertension, and coronary disease. cardiac disease is now congenital in origin. Other cardiovascular problems seen include cardiomyopathies, both dilated and hypertrophic, and valvular disease, such as bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse. Less common problems include pulmonary hypertension and, rarely, coronary artery disease. Any of the above require a strategy regarding the frequency of follow-up by the cardiologist and a plan for labor and delivery.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Roos-Hesselink JW, Duvekot JJ, Thorne SA (2009). "Pregnancy in high risk cardiac conditions". Heart. 95 (8): 680–6. doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.148932. PMID 19329725.
  2. ↑ Thorne SA (2004). "Pregnancy in heart disease". Heart. 90 (4): 450–6. PMC 1768170. PMID 15020530.


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