Cor pulmonale (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==What are the symptoms of Cor pulmonale?== | ==What are the symptoms of Cor pulmonale?== | ||
Chest discomfort, usually in the front of the chest | *Chest discomfort, usually in the front of the chest. | ||
Exercise intolerance | *Exercise intolerance. | ||
Shortness of breath | *Shortness of breath. | ||
Swelling of the feet or ankles | *Swelling of the feet or ankles. | ||
Symptoms of underlying disorders (wheezing, coughing) | *Symptoms of underlying disorders (wheezing, coughing). | ||
Exams and Tests | *Exams and Tests. | ||
==What causes Cor pulmonale?== | ==What causes Cor pulmonale?== | ||
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Almost any chronic lung disease or condition causing prolonged low blood oxygen levels can lead to cor pulmonale. A few of these causes include: | Almost any chronic lung disease or condition causing prolonged low blood oxygen levels can lead to cor pulmonale. A few of these causes include: | ||
Central sleep apnea | *Central sleep apnea. | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | *Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | ||
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease | *Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease. | ||
Cystic fibrosis | *Cystic fibrosis. | ||
Interstitial lung disease | *Interstitial lung disease. | ||
Kyphoscoliosis | *Kyphoscoliosis. | ||
Obstructive sleep apnea | *Obstructive sleep apnea. | ||
Pneumoconiosis | *Pneumoconiosis. | ||
Primary pulmonary hypertension | *Primary pulmonary hypertension. | ||
Pulmonary vascular disease | *Pulmonary vascular disease. | ||
Secondary pulmonary hypertension | *Secondary pulmonary hypertension. | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
By physical examination: | |||
*Abnormal fluid collection in the abdomen | |||
*Abnormal heart sounds | |||
*Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) | |||
*Enlargement of the liver | |||
*Swelling (distension) of the neck veins, indicating high right-heart pressures | |||
*Swelling of the ankles | |||
The following tests may help diagnose cor pulmonale: | The following tests may help diagnose cor pulmonale: | ||
Blood antibody tests | *Blood antibody tests. | ||
Blood test for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) | *Blood test for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). | ||
Chest x-ray | *Chest x-ray. | ||
CT scan of the chest | *CT scan of the chest. | ||
Echocardiogram | *Echocardiogram. | ||
Lung biopsy (rarely performed) | *Lung biopsy (rarely performed). | ||
Measurement of blood oxygen by arterial blood gas (ABG) | *Measurement of blood oxygen by arterial blood gas (ABG). | ||
Pulmonary function tests | *Pulmonary function tests. | ||
Right heart catheterization | *Right heart catheterization. | ||
Ventilation and perfusion scan of the lungs (V/Q scan) | *Ventilation and perfusion scan of the lungs (V/Q scan). | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
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There are many medicines available to treat cor pulmonale. | There are many medicines available to treat cor pulmonale. | ||
Bosentan or sildenafil may be given by mouth | *Bosentan or sildenafil may be given by mouth. | ||
Calcium channel blockers are often used to treat early cases | *Calcium channel blockers are often used to treat early cases. | ||
Prostacyclin may be given through injection or breathing in (inhalation) | *Prostacyclin may be given through injection or breathing in (inhalation). | ||
Blood thinning (anticoagulant) medications may also be prescribed. Surgery may be needed to reverse heart defects that cause the condition. In very advanced cases, a heart and lung transplant may be advised. | Blood thinning (anticoagulant) medications may also be prescribed. Surgery may be needed to reverse heart defects that cause the condition. In very advanced cases, a heart and lung transplant may be advised. | ||
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Progressive pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale may lead to: | Progressive pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale may lead to: | ||
Life-threatening shortness of breath | *Life-threatening shortness of breath | ||
Severe fluid retention | *Severe fluid retention | ||
Shock | *Shock | ||
Death | *Death | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000129.htm | |||
[[Category:Cardiology patient information]] | [[Category:Cardiology patient information]] | ||
Revision as of 17:26, 11 August 2011
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Cor pulmonale |
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Cor pulmonale On the Web |
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pulmonale=Cor+pulmonale Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov |
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cor pulmonale is failure of the right side of the heart brought on by long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the heart.
What are the symptoms of Cor pulmonale?
- Chest discomfort, usually in the front of the chest.
- Exercise intolerance.
- Shortness of breath.
- Swelling of the feet or ankles.
- Symptoms of underlying disorders (wheezing, coughing).
- Exams and Tests.
What causes Cor pulmonale?
Normally, the left side of the heart produces a higher blood pressure in order to pump blood to the body. The right side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs under much lower pressure.
Any condition that leads to prolonged high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (called pulmonary hypertension) puts a strain on the right side of the heart. When the right ventricle is unable to properly pump against these abnormally high pressures, it is called cor pulmonale.
Almost any chronic lung disease or condition causing prolonged low blood oxygen levels can lead to cor pulmonale. A few of these causes include:
- Central sleep apnea.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease.
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Interstitial lung disease.
- Kyphoscoliosis.
- Obstructive sleep apnea.
- Pneumoconiosis.
- Primary pulmonary hypertension.
- Pulmonary vascular disease.
- Secondary pulmonary hypertension.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you experience shortness of breath or chest pain.
Diagnosis
By physical examination:
- Abnormal fluid collection in the abdomen
- Abnormal heart sounds
- Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis)
- Enlargement of the liver
- Swelling (distension) of the neck veins, indicating high right-heart pressures
- Swelling of the ankles
The following tests may help diagnose cor pulmonale:
- Blood antibody tests.
- Blood test for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).
- Chest x-ray.
- CT scan of the chest.
- Echocardiogram.
- Lung biopsy (rarely performed).
- Measurement of blood oxygen by arterial blood gas (ABG).
- Pulmonary function tests.
- Right heart catheterization.
- Ventilation and perfusion scan of the lungs (V/Q scan).
Treatment options
Treatment is directed at the illness that is causing cor pulmonale. Supplemental oxygen may be prescribed to increase the level of oxygen in the blood.
There are many medicines available to treat cor pulmonale.
- Bosentan or sildenafil may be given by mouth.
- Calcium channel blockers are often used to treat early cases.
- Prostacyclin may be given through injection or breathing in (inhalation).
Blood thinning (anticoagulant) medications may also be prescribed. Surgery may be needed to reverse heart defects that cause the condition. In very advanced cases, a heart and lung transplant may be advised.
Where to find medical care for Cor pulmonale?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cor pulmonale
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outcome depends on the cause of the condition. Giving oxygen often improves symptoms, stamina, and survival.
Treating primary pulmonary hypertension often leads to greater stamina and a longer life. In some cases, a lung transplant or heart-lung transplant can extend survival.
Possible complications
Progressive pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale may lead to:
- Life-threatening shortness of breath
- Severe fluid retention
- Shock
- Death
Prevention
Avoiding behaviors that lead to chronic lung disease (especially cigarette smoking) may prevent the eventual development of cor pulmonale. Careful evaluation of childhood heart murmurs may prevent cor pulmonale caused by certain heart defects.