Mitral Stenosis surgical indications: Difference between revisions

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====Technique====
 
* Transvenous transeptal technique is most commonly used with the Inoue balloon system
* [[Fossa ovalis]] lies usually at 1-7 o’clock but this orientation can be distorted in the presence of mitral stenosis where the interatrial septum becomes more flat, horizontal and lower
* For the femoral vein approach a 70 cm Brockenbrough needle should be used or an 8 Fr Mullins sheath and advanced under fluoroscopic guidance with pressure monitoring
* The latter is necessary to monitor for puncture into adjacent structures such as aorta
* Further catheter manipulation may be necessary to direct the catheter into the left ventricle through the mitral valve rather than towards one of the pulmonary veins
* The Mullins sheath is exchanged for a solid-core coiled 0.025 inch guidewire over which a 14 Fr dilator is placed
* This is exchanged for the Inoue balloon (24-30 mm) which inflates in three stages allowing for balloon self-positioning with the last inflation resulting in commissural splitting


====Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes====
====Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes====

Revision as of 20:29, 7 September 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] ; Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, MD Contact at [3]; Phone: 617-767-5343 and Roger J. Laham, MD Contact at [4]

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [5] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.


Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes

  • Results of the commissurotomy should be assessed with hemodynamics and echocardiography
  • If second inflation is needed mitral regurgitation should be assessed
  • In general increasing valve area to greater than 1 cm2/m2 is an acceptable result
  • Usually the valve area doubles and the pulmonary pressures degrease immediately
  • 5 year survival is in the 90% range


Factors favouring successful percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty

Mitral stenosis is amenable to percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty if the echocardiography demonstrates :

  • Thickening confined to valve tips
  • Good mobility of Anterior mitral valve leaflet
  • Little chordal involvement
  • not more than trivial mitral regurgitation
  • no left atrial thrombus
  • no commissural calcification.

Wilkins score

A scoring system exists to grade the morphological changes in the mitral valve during assessment with echocardiography. This takes into account 4 characteristics: leaflet mobility, leaflet thickening, valve calcification and involvement of the subvalvular apparatus. The involvement is graded from 0-4. A total score of more than 8 is predictive of a low success post percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.[1]


References

  1. Wilkins GT, Weyman AE, Abascal VM, Block PC, Palacios IF. Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilatation. Br Heart J. 1988;60:299–308. doi: 10.1136/hrt.60.4.299

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