Pulmonary hypertension causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Etiologies of Pulmonary Hypertension organized under the classification of pulmonary hypertension put by the World Health Organization in 1998

Pulmonary Aterial Hypertension

1. 1. Idiopathic PAH
   2. Heritable( BMPR2,ALK-1,Endogin...)
   3. Drug and toxin induced.
   4. Connective tissue diseases
   5. HIV
   6. Portal Hypertension
   7. Congenital heart diseases
   8. Schistosomiasis
   9. Chronic hemolytic anemia.
   10. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the newborn

Pulmonary Venous Hypertension or pulmonary hypertension owing to left heart disease

1. 1. Systolic Dysfunction.
   2. Diastolic dysfunction.
   3. Valvular disease.

Pulmonary Hypertension associated with disorders of the respiratory system and/or Hypoxemia

1. 1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
   2. Interstitial Lung Disease
   3. Pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive patterns.
   4. Obstructive sleep apnea.
   5. High Altitude(chronically).
   6. Developmental abnormalities.

Pulmonary Hypertension due to disorders directly affecting the pulmonary vasculature

1. 1. Hematologic disorders: Myeloproliferative disorders,splenectomy,polycythemia vera.
   2. Systemic disorders: Sarcoidosis,Langerhan cell Histiocytosis, Neurofibromatosis, Vasculitis.
   3. Metabolic disorders: Glycogen storage diseases, Gaucher disease, Thyroid disorders.
   4. Miscellaneous: Tumor obstruction, Fibrosing mediastinitis, chronic renal failure on dialysis.