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==Differential Diagnosis of the causes of Pulmonary Hypertension==
==Differential Diagnosis of the causes of Pulmonary Hypertension==
(By Organ System)
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | Atrial Septal Defects, [[Cor triatum]], [[Left heart Dysfunction or Failure]], [[Teralogy of Fallot]], [[Persistent fetal circulation]], [[Mitral Valve stenosis and incompetence]], [[Ventricular Septal Defect]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coal worker pneumoconiosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neurofibromatosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug amd Toxin Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  Definite: [[Aminorex]], [[Fenfluramine]], [[Dexfenfluramine]], [[Toxic rapeseed oil]], [[Benfluorex]], Likely: [[Amphetamines]], [[L-Tryptophan]], [[Methamphetamines]] Possible: [[Cocaine]], [[Phenylpropanolamine]], [[St.Johns wort]], [[Chemotherapeutic agents]], [[SSRI]], [[Pergolide]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pickwickian syndrome]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid disorders]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Altitude sickness,chronic]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Portal Hypertension]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins]], [[Cholesterol ester storage disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Gaucher disease]], [[Indian familial childhood cirrhosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myeloproliferative discorders]], [[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]], [[Polycythemia Vera]], [[Splenectomy(Thrombophilia)]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying cause
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shistosoma japonicum and mansoni]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying cause
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying cause
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying cause
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diethypropion]], [[Monocrotaline]], [[Phentermine]], [[Radiation exposure(Fibrosing mediastinitis and pulmonary fibrosis)]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Primary pulmonary hypertension]],[[Pulmonary fibrosis]],[[Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins]],[[Cystic fibrosis]],[[Pulmonary embolism]],[[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]],[[Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]],[[Bronchiectasis]],[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]],[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]],[[Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis]],[[Pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Langerhan cell Histiocytosis]],[[Interstitial Lung Disease]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure on Dialysis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Vasculitis; Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Systemic sclerosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]].
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gaucher disease]], [[Glycogen storage diseases]], [[Idiopathic spinal scoliosis]], 
|-
|}
(In Alphabetical Order)
(In Alphabetical Order)
* [[Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins]]
* [[Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins]]
Line 20: Line 141:
* [[Diastolic left heart dysfunction]]
* [[Diastolic left heart dysfunction]]
* [[Diethylpropion]]
* [[Diethylpropion]]
* [[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
* [[Fallot tetralogy]]
* [[Fallot tetralogy]]
* [[Fetal circulation, persistent]]
* [[Fetal circulation, persistent]]
Line 56: Line 176:
* [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]]
* [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]


Revision as of 15:15, 8 September 2011

Pulmonary Hypertension Microchapters

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Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Differential Diagnosis of the causes of Pulmonary Hypertension

(By Organ System)

Cardiovascular Atrial Septal Defects, Cor triatum, Left heart Dysfunction or Failure, Teralogy of Fallot, Persistent fetal circulation, Mitral Valve stenosis and incompetence, Ventricular Septal Defect
Chemical / poisoning Coal worker pneumoconiosis
Dermatologic Neurofibromatosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug amd Toxin Side Effect Definite: Aminorex, Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine, Toxic rapeseed oil, Benfluorex, Likely: Amphetamines, L-Tryptophan, Methamphetamines Possible: Cocaine, Phenylpropanolamine, St.Johns wort, Chemotherapeutic agents, SSRI, Pergolide.
Ear Nose Throat Pickwickian syndrome.
Endocrine Thyroid disorders
Environmental Altitude sickness,chronic
Gastroenterologic Portal Hypertension
Genetic Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, Cholesterol ester storage disease, Cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Indian familial childhood cirrhosis
Hematologic Myeloproliferative discorders, Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, Polycythemia Vera, Splenectomy(Thrombophilia).
Iatrogenic No underlying cause
Infectious Disease Shistosoma japonicum and mansoni.
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Idiopathic spinal scoliosis
Neurologic No underlying cause
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying cause
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying cause
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Diethypropion, Monocrotaline, Phentermine, Radiation exposure(Fibrosing mediastinitis and pulmonary fibrosis)
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, Sarcoidosis, Primary pulmonary hypertension,Pulmonary fibrosis,Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins,Cystic fibrosis,Pulmonary embolism,Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia,Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis,Bronchiectasis,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia,Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis,Pulmonary fibrosis, Langerhan cell Histiocytosis,Interstitial Lung Disease.
Renal / Electrolyte Chronic renal failure on Dialysis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Vasculitis; Churg-Strauss syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Systemic sclerosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Gaucher disease, Glycogen storage diseases, Idiopathic spinal scoliosis,




(In Alphabetical Order)


(By Classes, Dana Point 2008)

Class 1: Pulmonary Aterial Hypertension

  1. Idiopathic PAH
  2. Heritable( BMPR2,ALK-1,Endogin...)
  3. Drug and toxin induced.
  4. Connective tissue diseases
  5. HIV
  6. Portal Hypertension
  7. Congenital heart diseases
  8. Schistosomiasis
  9. Chronic hemolytic anemia.
  10. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the newborn

Class 2: Pulmonary Venous Hypertension or pulmonary hypertension owing to left heart disease

  1. Systolic Dysfunction.
  2. Diastolic dysfunction.
  3. Valvular disease.

Class 2: Pulmonary Hypertension associated with disorders of the respiratory system and/or Hypoxemia

  1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
  2. Interstitial Lung Disease
  3. Pulmonary diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive patterns.
  4. Obstructive sleep apnea.
  5. High Altitude(chronically).
  6. Developmental abnormalities.

Class 4: Pulmonary Hypertension due to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease

Class 5: Pulmonary Hypertension due to disorders directly affecting the pulmonary vasculature

  1. Hematologic disorders: Myeloproliferative disorders,splenectomy,polycythemia vera.
  2. Systemic disorders: Sarcoidosis,Langerhan cell Histiocytosis, Neurofibromatosis, Vasculitis.
  3. Metabolic disorders: Glycogen storage diseases, Gaucher disease, Thyroid disorders.
  4. Miscellaneous: Tumor obstruction, Fibrosing mediastinitis, chronic renal failure on dialysis.
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