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| '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
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| ===History and Symptoms===
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| These reflect all of the anatomic, hemodynamic and compensatory mechanism at work. LA enlargement can be seen on chest x-ray (double-density of the left heart border, elevated left bronchus) and leads to dysphagia, hoarseness and the propensity for AF and thromboembolism. Impaired LV filling leads to fatigue. Increased LA pressure leads to pulmonary congestion and dyspnea, orthopnea and PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ). Dilated bronchial veins can rupture leading to hemoptysis. PHTN (pulmonary hypertension) leads to RV (right ventricle) dysfunction, peripheral edema, pulsatile hepatomegaly etc.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:Valvular heart disease]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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