High triglyceride causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Genetics=== | ===Genetics=== | ||
====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia==== | ====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia==== | ||
* Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or its cofactor, apo C-II. | * [[Genetic]] deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL) or its cofactor, apo C-II. | ||
====Familial combined hyperlipidemia==== | ====Familial combined hyperlipidemia==== | ||
* Autosomal dominant disorder | * [[Autosomal dominant]] disorder | ||
* Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both. | * Patients have either isolated [[triglyceride]] or LDL-c elevations or both. | ||
* Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives | * Family history of premature [[coronary artery disease]] in 1 or more first-degree relatives | ||
* Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels. | * Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels. | ||
====Familial hypertriglyceridemia==== | ====Familial hypertriglyceridemia==== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
* Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. | * Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. | ||
===Metabolic=== | ===Metabolic=== | ||
* Diabetes mellitus and [[insulin resistance]] - it is one of the defined components of [[metabolic syndrome]] (along with [[central obesity]], [[hypertension]], and [[hyperglycemia]]) | * [[Diabetes mellitus]] and [[insulin resistance]] - it is one of the defined components of [[metabolic syndrome]] (along with [[central obesity]], [[hypertension]], and [[hyperglycemia]]) | ||
* Obesity | * [[Obesity]] | ||
* Hypothyroidism | * [[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
* Nephrotic syndrome, Renal failure | * [[Nephrotic syndrome]], [[Renal failure]] | ||
===Drugs=== | ===Drugs=== | ||
* Diuretics (high dose | * [[Diuretics]] (high dose [[thiazide]] or [[chlorthalidone]]) | ||
* Beta-blockers (high doses) | * [[Beta-blockers]] (high doses) | ||
* Estrogen replacement therapy | * [[Estrogen replacement therapy]] | ||
* Oral | * [[Oral contraceptive pills]] (high estrogen ) | ||
* Tamoxifen | * [[Tamoxifen]] | ||
* Glucocorticoids | * [[Glucocorticoids]] | ||
* Oral isotretinoin | * Oral [[isotretinoin]] | ||
* Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) | * [[Antiretroviral therapy]] ([[protease inhibitors]], [[nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors]]) | ||
* Atypical antipsychotics | * Atypical [[antipsychotics]] | ||
===Miscellaneous=== | ===Miscellaneous=== | ||
* Alcohol | * [[Alcohol]] | ||
* Pregnancy | * [[Pregnancy]] | ||
* Acute pancreatitis | * [[Acute pancreatitis]] | ||
* High-carbohydrate or high glycemic | * High-carbohydrate or high glycemic | ||
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] - Deficiency of this water soluble [[enzyme]], that hydrolyzes [[triglyceride]]s in [[lipoprotein]]s, leads to elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood. | *[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] - Deficiency of this water soluble [[enzyme]], that hydrolyzes [[triglyceride]]s in [[lipoprotein]]s, leads to elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood. | ||
* [[Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency]] or [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]] | * [[Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency]] or [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]] | ||
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] | * [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] | ||
* Glycogen storage disease type 1 | * [[Glycogen storage disease]] type 1 | ||
===Idiopathic (constitutional)=== | ===Idiopathic (constitutional)=== | ||
Revision as of 00:35, 3 October 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs
Causes
Genetics
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
- Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or its cofactor, apo C-II.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Autosomal dominant disorder
- Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both.
- Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives
- Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- Autosomal dominant trait
- These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations
- Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.
Metabolic
- Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance - it is one of the defined components of metabolic syndrome (along with central obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia)
- Obesity
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotic syndrome, Renal failure
Drugs
- Diuretics (high dose thiazide or chlorthalidone)
- Beta-blockers (high doses)
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive pills (high estrogen )
- Tamoxifen
- Glucocorticoids
- Oral isotretinoin
- Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
- Atypical antipsychotics
Miscellaneous
- Alcohol
- Pregnancy
- Acute pancreatitis
- High-carbohydrate or high glycemic
- Lipoprotein lipase deficiency - Deficiency of this water soluble enzyme, that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, leads to elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood.
- Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency or Cholesteryl ester storage disease
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Glycogen storage disease type 1