High triglyceride causes: Difference between revisions
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===Genetics=== | ===Genetics=== | ||
====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia==== | ====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia==== | ||
* [[Genetic]] deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL) | * [[Genetic]] deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL) | ||
* Deficiency apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of [[lipoprotein lipase]] | |||
* Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in diabetes type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function. | |||
====Familial combined hyperlipidemia==== | ====Familial combined hyperlipidemia==== | ||
* [[Autosomal dominant]] disorder | * [[Autosomal dominant]] disorder | ||
Revision as of 00:46, 3 October 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs
Causes
Genetics
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
- Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
- Deficiency apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of lipoprotein lipase
- Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in diabetes type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Autosomal dominant disorder
- Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both.
- Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives
- Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- Autosomal dominant trait
- These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations
- Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.
Metabolic
- Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance - it is one of the defined components of metabolic syndrome (along with central obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia)
- Obesity
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotic syndrome, Renal failure
Drugs
- Diuretics (high dose thiazide or chlorthalidone)
- Beta-blockers (high doses)
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive pills (high estrogen )
- Tamoxifen
- Glucocorticoids
- Oral isotretinoin
- Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
- Atypical antipsychotics
Miscellaneous
- Alcohol
- Pregnancy
- Acute pancreatitis
- High-carbohydrate or high glycemic
- Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency or Cholesteryl ester storage disease
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Glycogen storage disease type 1