Myocarditis classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Myocarditis]] can be classified clinicopathologically into: ''' | [[Myocarditis]] can be classified clinicopathologically into: '''Fulminant myocarditis, Acute myocarditis, Chronic active myocarditis and Chronic persistent myocarditis'''. | ||
==Clinicopathological classification<ref name="pmid1960305">{{cite journal| author=Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, Rose NR, Baughman KL| title=Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1991 | volume= 18 | issue= 7 | pages= 1617-26 | pmid=1960305 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>== | ==Clinicopathological classification<ref name="pmid1960305">{{cite journal| author=Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, Rose NR, Baughman KL| title=Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1991 | volume= 18 | issue= 7 | pages= 1617-26 | pmid=1960305 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>== | ||
*'''Fulminant myocarditis''' | *'''Fulminant myocarditis:''' Fulminant myocarditis occurs following a viral prodrome. Fulminant myocarditis presents as acute severe cardiovascular compromise with ventricular dysfunction. The prognosis is good if the patient survives the acute illness.<ref name="pmid10706898">{{cite journal| author=McCarthy RE, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Hare JM et al.| title=Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 342 | issue= 10 | pages= 690-5 | pmid=10706898 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200003093421003 | pmc= | url= }} </ref> On [[endomyocardial biopsy]], there are multiple focci of inflammation. | ||
*'''Acute myocarditis''' | *'''Acute myocarditis:''' Acute myocarditis presents with a less distinct onset of the illness. When the patient does present, there is already a decline in left ventricular dysfunction. Acute myocarditis may progress to [[dilated cardiomyopathy]]. | ||
*'''Chronic active myocarditis''' Chronic active myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. There are clinical and histologic relapses and the development of ventricular dysfunction. Histologically, chronic inflammatory changes with mild to moderate fibrosis may be present. | *'''Chronic active myocarditis:''' Chronic active myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. There are clinical and histologic relapses and the development of ventricular dysfunction. Histologically, chronic inflammatory changes with mild to moderate fibrosis may be present. | ||
*'''Chronic persistent myocarditis''' | *'''Chronic persistent myocarditis:''' Chronic persistent myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. Histologically it is characterized by persistent infiltration and myocyte necrosis. Despite the presence of symptoms, ventricular dysfunction is absent. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 22 November 2011
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Myocarditis can be classified clinicopathologically into: Fulminant myocarditis, Acute myocarditis, Chronic active myocarditis and Chronic persistent myocarditis.
Clinicopathological classification[1]
- Fulminant myocarditis: Fulminant myocarditis occurs following a viral prodrome. Fulminant myocarditis presents as acute severe cardiovascular compromise with ventricular dysfunction. The prognosis is good if the patient survives the acute illness.[2] On endomyocardial biopsy, there are multiple focci of inflammation.
- Acute myocarditis: Acute myocarditis presents with a less distinct onset of the illness. When the patient does present, there is already a decline in left ventricular dysfunction. Acute myocarditis may progress to dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Chronic active myocarditis: Chronic active myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. There are clinical and histologic relapses and the development of ventricular dysfunction. Histologically, chronic inflammatory changes with mild to moderate fibrosis may be present.
- Chronic persistent myocarditis: Chronic persistent myocarditis has a less distinct onset of the illness. Histologically it is characterized by persistent infiltration and myocyte necrosis. Despite the presence of symptoms, ventricular dysfunction is absent.
References
- ↑ Lieberman EB, Hutchins GM, Herskowitz A, Rose NR, Baughman KL (1991). "Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis". J Am Coll Cardiol. 18 (7): 1617–26. PMID 1960305.
- ↑ McCarthy RE, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Hare JM; et al. (2000). "Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis". N Engl J Med. 342 (10): 690–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003093421003. PMID 10706898.