Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia epidemiology and demographics

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is diagnosed when the platelet count falls by > 50% typically after 5-10 days of heparin therapy. It is caused by antibodies to complexes between heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). These antibody complexes stimulates the procoagulant pathways due to activation of platelet and endothelium.

Epidemiology and demographics

• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is diagnosed when the platelet count falls by > 50% typically after 5-10 days of heparin therapy. The affected individuals have an increased risks of having another thromboembolic event (20-50% increased risks)
• Mortality rate can be as high as 20%
• 1 in 10 patients suffer from other morbidities (amputations or other arterial venous or both thrombo-embolic events)

United States of America

• Incidence varies from 1-5%.

Race

Some studies have shown that the incidences of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are commoner among white patients compared to non-white patients.

Sex

Female have increased risks compared to male for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Age

Risks for development of HIT Increases with age (>60years)