Leukemia: Difference between revisions

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==Causes and risk factors==
==Causes and risk factors==
There is no single known cause for all of the different types of leukemia. The different leukemias likely have different causes, and very little is certain about what causes them. Researchers have strong suspicions about four possible causes:
* natural or artificial ionizing radiation
* certain kinds of chemicals
* some viruses
* genetic predispositions
Leukemia, like other cancers, result from [[somatic mutation]]s in the [[DNA]] which activate [[oncogene]]s or deactivate [[tumor suppressor gene]]s, and disrupt the regulation of cell death, differentiation or division.  These mutations may occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to [[ionizing radiation|radiation]] or [[carcinogen]]ic substances and are likely to be influenced by genetic factors.  Cohort and case-control studies have linked exposure to [[petrochemicals]], such as [[benzene]], and hair dyes to the development of some forms of leukemia.
[[virus (biology)|Viruses]] have also been linked to some forms of leukemia.  For example, certain cases of ALL are associated with viral infections by either the [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV, responsible for [[AIDS]]) or [[human T-lymphotropic virus]] (HTLV-1 and -2, causing [[adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]]).
[[Fanconi anemia]] is also a risk factor for developing [[Acute myeloid leukemia|acute myelogenous leukemia]].
Until the cause or causes of leukemia are found, there is no way to prevent the disease.  Even when the causes become known, they may prove to be things which are not readily controllable, such as naturally occurring background radiation, and therefore not especially helpful for prevention purposes.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:00, 19 December 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Leukemia Microchapters

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Overview

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CML
ALL
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Differentiating Leukemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Overview

History & Symptoms

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Research

Significant research into the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of leukemia is being done. Hundreds of clinical trials are being planned or conducted at any given time. Studies may focus on effective means of treatment, better ways of treating the disease, improving the quality of life for patients, or appropriate care in remission or after cure.

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Images of leukemias

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