Mononucleosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
====Asymptomatic==== | ====Asymptomatic:==== | ||
*In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic. | *In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic. | ||
*Majority of adults infected with ''mono'' also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection. | |||
====Initial prodrome:==== | |||
*'''''Incubation period:''''' 1-2 months | |||
*'''''Common symptoms''''' include: | *'''''Common symptoms''''' include: | ||
:*[[ | :*Low-grade [[fever]] without chills is seen in nearly all cases | ||
:*[[Sore throat]]: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen | :*[[Sore throat]]: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen | ||
:*[[Muscle weakness]] and sometime extreme [[fatigue]] | :*[[Muscle weakness]] and sometime extreme [[fatigue]] | ||
:*Tender [[lymphadenopathy]], particularly the posterior [[cervical lymph nodes]] are involved | |||
*'''''Other symptoms''''' that have been described in patients with [[EBV|EBV infection]] include: | |||
:*Unable to swallow due to [[tonsils|enlarged tonsils]] | |||
:*[[cough|Dry cough]] | |||
:*[[Loss of appetite]] | |||
:*[[Anorexia]] | |||
:*[[Nausea]] without [[vomiting]] | |||
:*[[Abdominal pain]]- a possible symptom of a potentially fatal rupture of the spleen.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Chapman AL, Watkin R, Ellis CJ |title=Abdominal pain in acute infectious mononucleosis |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7338 |pages=660–1 |year=2002 |pmid=11895827 |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7338.660}}</ref> | |||
:*[[Diarrhea]] | |||
* | *'''''Uncommon''''' symptoms include: | ||
:*[[Petechial]] [[hemorrhage]] | :*[[Petechial]] [[hemorrhage]] | ||
:*[[ | :*[[Skin rash]] | ||
:*[[Headache]] | :*[[Headache]] | ||
:*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]] | |||
:*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]] | |||
:*[[Dizziness]] or [[disorientation]] | :*[[Dizziness]] or [[disorientation]] | ||
:*Uncontrolled shaking at times | :*Uncontrolled shaking at times | ||
:* | :*[[Myalgia]] (only in cases of severe high-grade [[fever]]) | ||
:* | |||
====Atypical presentation:==== | |||
*The course of the disease can also be '''''chronic''''' presenting with '''''chronic fatigue syndrome''''' which is a variant of mononucleosis | |||
*Symptoms of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] includes: | |||
:*[[Fever]], | |||
:*[[Lethargy|tiredness]], | |||
:*[[fatigue|Abnormal fatigue]], | |||
:*[[Depression]], | |||
:*[[Lethargy]], and | |||
:*[[lymphadenopathy|Chronic lymph node swelling]], | |||
*The above mentioned symptoms need to be present for '''''months or years''''' to be classified as [[EBV|chronic EBV syndrome]] or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. | |||
The | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:54, 3 March 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. Sometimes, a splenomegaly or hepatomegaly may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and infectious mononucleosis is almost never fatal.
There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects.
Although the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, EBV remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness.
Symptoms
Asymptomatic:
- In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic.
- Majority of adults infected with mono also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection.
Initial prodrome:
- Incubation period: 1-2 months
- Common symptoms include:
- Low-grade fever without chills is seen in nearly all cases
- Sore throat: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen
- Muscle weakness and sometime extreme fatigue
- Tender lymphadenopathy, particularly the posterior cervical lymph nodes are involved
- Other symptoms that have been described in patients with EBV infection include:
- Unable to swallow due to enlarged tonsils
- Dry cough
- Loss of appetite
- Anorexia
- Nausea without vomiting
- Abdominal pain- a possible symptom of a potentially fatal rupture of the spleen.[1]
- Diarrhea
- Uncommon symptoms include:
- Headache
- Depression
- Dizziness or disorientation
- Uncontrolled shaking at times
- Myalgia (only in cases of severe high-grade fever)
Atypical presentation:
- The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome which is a variant of mononucleosis
- Symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome includes:
- The above mentioned symptoms need to be present for months or years to be classified as chronic EBV syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome.
References
- ↑ Chapman AL, Watkin R, Ellis CJ (2002). "Abdominal pain in acute infectious mononucleosis". BMJ. 324 (7338): 660–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.660. PMID 11895827.