Cholera medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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! Skin pinch | ! Skin pinch | ||
! Conclusions | ! Conclusions | ||
! Management | |||
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| Normal, Alert | | Normal, Alert | ||
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| Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | | Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | ||
| No / Mild dehydration | | No / Mild dehydration | ||
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| Irritable | | Irritable | ||
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| Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | ||
| Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | | Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Severe | | Severe | ||
| Sunken | | Sunken, absence of tears | ||
| Drinks poorly | | Drinks poorly | ||
| Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | ||
| Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | | Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | ||
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* Child < 2 years: 50–100 ml (1/4–1/2 cup)ORS solution. Up to approximately 1/2 litre a day. | |||
* Child between 2 and 9 years: 100–200 ml. Up to approximately 1 litre a day. | |||
* Patient of 10 years of age or more as much as wanted, up to approximately 2 litres a day. | |||
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Revision as of 19:32, 4 April 2012
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Cholera Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cholera medical therapy On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cholera medical therapy |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cholera medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without rehydration treatment.[1][2]
Medical therapy
Summary of the treatment
- Rehydrate with ORS or IV solution depending on the severity. Rehydration involves replenishment of the lost fluids and then maintenance of the fluid balance
- Maintain hydration and monitor frequently the hydration status
- Give antibiotics for severe cholera cases
Assessment of dehydration
| Mental status | Eyes | Thirst | Skin pinch | Conclusions | Management |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, Alert | Normal, hydrated | Normal | Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | No / Mild dehydration | |
| Irritable | Sunken | Drink eagerly | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | |
| Severe | Sunken, absence of tears | Drinks poorly | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) |
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HOW TO PREPARE HOME-MADE ORS SOLUTION?
- If ORS sachets are available: dilute one sachet in one litre of safe water
- Otherwise: Add to one litre of safe water:
- Salt 1/2 small spoon (2.5 grams)
- Sugar 6 small spoons (30 grams)
- Try to compensate for loss of potassium (for example, eat bananas or drink green coconut water)