Leukocytosis: Difference between revisions
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acanthocheilonemiasis]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[hydatid disease|Alveolar hydatid disease]], Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma duodenale, [[Angiostrongyliasis]], Anisakiasis, [[Ascariasis]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Chickenpox]], Clonorchiasis, [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke, Dracunculiasis, [[Echinococcus granulosus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], Gnathostomiasis, Hantavirus, [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], Heterophyiasis, [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Loa loa]], [[Lymphangitis]], [[filariasis|Lymphatic filariasis]], Mansonelliasis, Metagonimiasis, [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acanthocheilonemiasis]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[hydatid disease|Alveolar hydatid disease]], [[Ancylostoma caninum]], [[Ancylostoma duodenale]], [[Angiostrongyliasis]], [[Anisakiasis]], [[Ascariasis]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Chickenpox]], [[Clonorchiasis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke]], [[Dracunculiasis]], [[Echinococcus granulosus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[Gnathostomiasis]], [[Hantavirus]], [[Hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[Heterophyiasis]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Loa loa filariasis]], [[Lymphangitis]], [[filariasis|Lymphatic filariasis]], [[Mansonelliasis]], [[Metagonimiasis]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], | ||
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| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Bronchial asthma]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, Eosinophilic cellulitis, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], Familial eosinophilia, Fasciola hepatica, [[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]], Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency, [[Interleukin 2]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Bronchial asthma]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome]], [[cellulitis|Eosinophilic cellulitis]], [[Eosinophilic fasciitis]], [[Folliculitis|Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis]], [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[eosinophilia|Familial eosinophilia]], [[Fasciola hepatica]], [[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]], [[Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist]] deficiency, [[Interleukin 2]], | ||
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| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Angiolymphoid hyperplasia, Capillaria, Kimura disease, Kostmann disease, | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia]], [[Capillaria]], [[Kimura disease]], [[Kostmann disease]], | ||
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Revision as of 16:17, 24 April 2012
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Granulocytosis, neutrophilia
Overview
Leukocytosis is an elevation of the white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range. The normal adult human leukocyte count in peripheral blood is 4.4-10.8 x 109/L. A white blood count of 11.0 x 109/L or more suggests leukocytosis. Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count, as neutrophils are the main granulocytes. An increase in eosinophil granulocyte is known as eosinophilia. Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of disease processes including infection, especially bacteria; malignancy, most notably leukemia (it is the main feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia, CML) and autoimmune disease. Although it may be a sign of illness, leukocytosis in-and-of itself is not a disorder, nor is it a disease. It is simply a laboratory finding.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Leukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals including steroids. Leukocytosis can also be the first indication of neoplastic growth of leukocytes.
Pathophysiology
The mechanism that causes leukocytosis can be of several forms: an increased release of leukocytes from bone marrow storage pools, decreased margination of leukocytes onto vessel walls, decreased extravasation of leukocytes from the vessels into tissues, or an increase in number of precursor cells in the marrow.
Classification Scheme
Leukocytosis can be subcategorized by the type of white blood cell that is increased in number.
- Granulocytosis or neutrophilia: Leukocytosis in which neutrophil count is elevated
- Lymphocytosis: Leukocytosis in which lymphocyte count is elevated
- Monocytosis: Leukocytosis in which monocyte count is elevated is monocytosis
- Eosinophilia: Leukocytosis in which eosinophil count is elevated is eosinophilia
A leukocyte count above 25 to 30 x 109/L is termed a leukemoid reaction, which is the reaction of a healthy bone marrow to extreme stress, trauma, or infection. (It is different from leukemia and from leukoerythroblastosis, in which immature blood cells are present in peripheral blood.)
Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Leukocytosis
By Organ System
In alphabetical order[1] [2]
- Acute and chronic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Acute leukemia
- Bacterial infections
- Bronchitis
- Burns
- Chickenpox
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Chronic polyarteritis
- Colitis
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Dermatitis
- Diabetic coma
- Down Syndrome
- Drugs, toxins
- Endocarditis
- Exercise
- Fungal infections
- Gangrene
- Gout
- Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hemorrhage
- Hyperthyroidism
- Infectious lymphocytosis
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Malignant tumors
- Measles
- Mumps
- Myelofibrosis
- Parasitic infections
- Polycythemia Vera
- Post-splenectomy
- Prolymphocytic leukemia
- Pyelonephritis
- Recovery from agranulocytosis
- Seizures
- Trauma
- Uremic coma
- Viral hepatitis
References