Leukocytosis: Difference between revisions
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===In alphabetical order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ===In alphabetical order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ||
*Acanthocheilonemiasis | *[[Acanthocheilonemiasis]] | ||
*Acute intermittent porphyria | *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | ||
*Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | *[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | ||
*Acute myeloid leukemia | *[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] | ||
*Acute promyelocytic leukemia | *[[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]] | ||
*Adrenal cortex insufficiency | *[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]] | ||
*Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis | *[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] | ||
*Allopurinol | *[[Allopurinol]] | ||
*Alveolar hydatid disease | *[[Alveolar hydatid disease]] | ||
*Aminophylline | *[[Aminophylline]] | ||
*Amitriptyline | *[[Amitriptyline]] | ||
*Ancylostoma caninum | *[[Ancylostoma caninum]] | ||
*Ancylostoma duodenale | *[[Ancylostoma duodenale]] | ||
*Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia | *Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia | ||
*Angiostrongyliasis | *[[Angiostrongyliasis]] | ||
*Anisakiasis | *[[Anisakiasis]] | ||
*Ascariasis | *[[Ascariasis]] | ||
*Atopic dermatitis | *[[Atopic dermatitis]] | ||
*Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 | *[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1]] | ||
*Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 | *[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2]] | ||
*Bronchial asthma | *[[Bronchial asthma]] | ||
*Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia | *[[Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]] | ||
*Brucellosis | *[[Brucellosis]] | ||
*Burkitt lymphoma | *[[Burkitt lymphoma]] | ||
*Capillaria | *[[Capillaria]] | ||
*Capreomycin | *[[Capreomycin]] | ||
*Caspofungin | *[[Caspofungin]] | ||
*Chickenpox | *[[Chickenpox]] | ||
*Chlorpropamide | *[[Chlorpropamide]] | ||
*Cholesterol embolism | *[[Cholesterol embolism]] | ||
*Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]] | ||
*Chronic myeloid leukaemia | *[[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]] | ||
*Churg-Strauss syndrome | *[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]] | ||
*Clomipramine | *[[Clomipramine]] | ||
*Clonorchiasis | *[[Clonorchiasis]] | ||
*Coccidioidomycosis | *[[Coccidioidomycosis]] | ||
*Colonic diverticulitis | *[[Colonic diverticulitis]] | ||
*Cytomegalovirus | *[[Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
*Daptomycin | *[[Daptomycin]] | ||
*Dermatitis herpetiformis | *[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]] | ||
*Desipramine | *[[Desipramine]] | ||
*Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke | *[[Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke]] | ||
*Dinoprostone | *[[Dinoprostone]] | ||
*Dothiepin | *[[Dothiepin]] | ||
*Doxycycline | *[[Doxycycline]] | ||
*Dracunculiasis | *[[Dracunculiasis]] | ||
*Echinococcus granulosus | *[[Echinococcus granulosus]] | ||
*Endomyocardial fibrosis | *[[Endomyocardial fibrosis]] | ||
*Enfuvirtide | *[[Enfuvirtide]] | ||
*Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome | *[[Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome]] | ||
*Eosinophilic cellulitis | *[[cellulitis|Eosinophilic cellulitis]] | ||
*Eosinophilic fasciitis | *[[fasciitis|Eosinophilic fasciitis]] | ||
*Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis | *[[folliculitis|Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis]] | ||
*Epstein-Barr virus | *[[Epstein-Barr virus]] | ||
*Erythema multiforme | *[[Erythema multiforme]] | ||
*Ethotoin | *[[Ethotoin]] | ||
*Etravirine | *[[Etravirine]] | ||
*Extrinsic allergic alveolitis | *[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]] | ||
* [[Fungal infection]]s | * [[Fungal infection]]s | ||
* [[Gangrene]] | * [[Gangrene]] | ||
Revision as of 17:01, 24 April 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Granulocytosis, neutrophilia
Overview
Leukocytosis is an elevation of the white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) above the normal range. The normal adult human leukocyte count in peripheral blood is 4.4-10.8 x 109/L. A white blood count of 11.0 x 109/L or more suggests leukocytosis. Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count, as neutrophils are the main granulocytes. An increase in eosinophil granulocyte is known as eosinophilia. Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of disease processes including infection, especially bacteria; malignancy, most notably leukemia (it is the main feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia, CML) and autoimmune disease. Although it may be a sign of illness, leukocytosis in-and-of itself is not a disorder, nor is it a disease. It is simply a laboratory finding.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Leukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals including steroids. Leukocytosis can also be the first indication of neoplastic growth of leukocytes.
Pathophysiology
The mechanism that causes leukocytosis can be of several forms: an increased release of leukocytes from bone marrow storage pools, decreased margination of leukocytes onto vessel walls, decreased extravasation of leukocytes from the vessels into tissues, or an increase in number of precursor cells in the marrow.
Classification Scheme
Leukocytosis can be subcategorized by the type of white blood cell that is increased in number.
- Granulocytosis or neutrophilia: Leukocytosis in which neutrophil count is elevated
- Lymphocytosis: Leukocytosis in which lymphocyte count is elevated
- Monocytosis: Leukocytosis in which monocyte count is elevated is monocytosis
- Eosinophilia: Leukocytosis in which eosinophil count is elevated is eosinophilia
A leukocyte count above 25 to 30 x 109/L is termed a leukemoid reaction, which is the reaction of a healthy bone marrow to extreme stress, trauma, or infection. (It is different from leukemia and from leukoerythroblastosis, in which immature blood cells are present in peripheral blood.)
Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Leukocytosis
By Organ System
In alphabetical order[1] [2]
- Acanthocheilonemiasis
- Acute intermittent porphyria
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Adrenal cortex insufficiency
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Allopurinol
- Alveolar hydatid disease
- Aminophylline
- Amitriptyline
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
- Angiostrongyliasis
- Anisakiasis
- Ascariasis
- Atopic dermatitis
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2
- Bronchial asthma
- Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
- Brucellosis
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Capillaria
- Capreomycin
- Caspofungin
- Chickenpox
- Chlorpropamide
- Cholesterol embolism
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- Churg-Strauss syndrome
- Clomipramine
- Clonorchiasis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Colonic diverticulitis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Daptomycin
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Desipramine
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke
- Dinoprostone
- Dothiepin
- Doxycycline
- Dracunculiasis
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
- Enfuvirtide
- Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
- Eosinophilic cellulitis
- Eosinophilic fasciitis
- Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Erythema multiforme
- Ethotoin
- Etravirine
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
- Fungal infections
- Gangrene
- Gout
- Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hemorrhage
- Hyperthyroidism
- Infectious lymphocytosis
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Malignant tumors
- Measles
- Mumps
- Myelofibrosis
- Parasitic infections
- Polycythemia Vera
- Post-splenectomy
- Prolymphocytic leukemia
- Pyelonephritis
- Recovery from agranulocytosis
- Seizures
- Trauma
- Uremic coma
- Viral hepatitis
References