Deep vein thrombosis classification scheme: Difference between revisions
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===Proximal vein thrombosis=== | ===Proximal vein thrombosis=== | ||
Proximal vein thrombosis involves the proximal veins, including the [[popliteal vein|popliteal]], [[femoral vein|femoral]] or [[iliac vein]]. Proximal vein thrombosis is responsible for more than 90 percent of [[Pulmonary embolism|acute pulmonary emboli]] and is associated with higher mortality. <ref name="pmid19718469">{{cite journal |author=Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I |title=Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=493–500 |year=2009 |month=September|pmid=19718469|doi=10.1160/TH09-01-0053 |url=http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&L=1&pii=th09-01-0053&no_cache=1|accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> Clinically, proximal vein thrombosis is considered severe, as it is more commonly associated with serious, chronic diseases | Proximal vein thrombosis involves the proximal veins, including the [[popliteal vein|popliteal]], [[femoral vein|femoral]] or [[iliac vein]]. Proximal vein thrombosis is responsible for more than 90 percent of [[Pulmonary embolism|acute pulmonary emboli]] and is associated with higher mortality. <ref name="pmid19718469">{{cite journal |author=Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I |title=Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=493–500 |year=2009 |month=September|pmid=19718469|doi=10.1160/TH09-01-0053 |url=http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&L=1&pii=th09-01-0053&no_cache=1|accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> Clinically, proximal vein thrombosis is considered severe, as it is more commonly associated with serious, chronic diseases, such as: | ||
* Active [[cancer]]. | * Active [[cancer]]. | ||
* [[Congestive heart failure]]. | * [[Congestive heart failure]]. | ||
* Old age (greater than 75 years). | * Old age (greater than 75 years). | ||
* [[Respiratory insufficiency]]. | * [[Respiratory insufficiency]]. | ||
More than 90 percent of cases of acute [[pulmonary embolism]] are due to emboli emanating from the proximal, rather than the distal vein (ie, below the knee), veins of the lower extremities and the mortality rate of proximal [[DVT]] is higher than that of distal DVT <ref name="pmid19718469">{{cite journal |author=Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I |title=Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=493–500 |year=2009 |month=September|pmid=19718469|doi=10.1160/TH09-01-0053 |url=http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&L=1&pii=th09-01-0053&no_cache=1|accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref>. | |||
===Distal vein thrombosis=== | ===Distal vein thrombosis=== | ||
Distal vein thrombosis is confined to the deep [[calf veins]]. It is often associated with transient risk factors like travel, prolonged immobilization and recent surgery.<ref name="pmid19718469">{{cite journal |author=Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I |title=Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=493–500 |year=2009 |month=September |pmid=19718469 |doi=10.1160/TH09-01-0053 |url=http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&L=1&pii=th09-01-0053&no_cache=1 |accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> | Distal vein thrombosis is confined to the deep [[calf veins]]. It is often associated with transient risk factors like travel, prolonged immobilization and recent surgery.<ref name="pmid19718469">{{cite journal |author=Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I |title=Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=493–500 |year=2009 |month=September |pmid=19718469 |doi=10.1160/TH09-01-0053 |url=http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&L=1&pii=th09-01-0053&no_cache=1 |accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> | ||
Distal vein thrombosis is more often associated with transient risk factors, such as: | |||
* Recent [[surgery]]. | |||
* Immobilization. | |||
* Travel. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:48, 16 June 2012
Editor(s)-In-Chief: The APEX Trial Investigators, C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [3]; Kashish Goel, M.D.; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Justine Cadet
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Overview
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is classified based on the site of occlusion or clot formation. Symptom presentation and complication is largely influenced by location of the embolus.
Classification based on site of thrombus formation
- Upper extremity DVT: DVT of the upper limbs.
- Lower extremity DVT: DVT of the lower limbs, which is subdivided into two categories:
- Proximal vein thrombosis.
- Distal (calf) vein thrombosis.
Proximal vein thrombosis
Proximal vein thrombosis involves the proximal veins, including the popliteal, femoral or iliac vein. Proximal vein thrombosis is responsible for more than 90 percent of acute pulmonary emboli and is associated with higher mortality. [1] Clinically, proximal vein thrombosis is considered severe, as it is more commonly associated with serious, chronic diseases, such as:
- Active cancer.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Old age (greater than 75 years).
- Respiratory insufficiency.
More than 90 percent of cases of acute pulmonary embolism are due to emboli emanating from the proximal, rather than the distal vein (ie, below the knee), veins of the lower extremities and the mortality rate of proximal DVT is higher than that of distal DVT [1].
Distal vein thrombosis
Distal vein thrombosis is confined to the deep calf veins. It is often associated with transient risk factors like travel, prolonged immobilization and recent surgery.[1]
Distal vein thrombosis is more often associated with transient risk factors, such as:
- Recent surgery.
- Immobilization.
- Travel.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Galanaud JP, Sevestre-Pietri MA, Bosson JL, Laroche JP, Righini M, Brisot D, Boge G, van Kien AK, Gattolliat O, Bettarel-Binon C, Gris JC, Genty C, Quere I (2009). "Comparative study on risk factors and early outcome of symptomatic distal versus proximal deep vein thrombosis: results from the OPTIMEV study". Thromb. Haemost. 102 (3): 493–500. doi:10.1160/TH09-01-0053. PMID 19718469. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
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