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| {{CMG}}
| | #redirect[[Jaundice causes] |
| {{Jaundice}}
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| ==Overview==
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| When [[red blood cell]]s die, the [[heme]] in their [[haemoglobin]] is converted to [[bilirubin]] in the [[spleen]] and in the hepatocytes in the liver. The [[bilirubin]] is processed by the [[liver]], enters [[bile]] and is eventually excreted through [[feces]].
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| Consequently, there are three different classes of causes for jaundice. ''Pre-hepatic'' or ''hemolytic'' causes, where too many red blood cells are broken down, ''hepatic'' causes where the processing of [[bilirubin]] in the liver does not function correctly, and ''post-hepatic'' or ''extrahepatic'' causes, where the removal of bile is disturbed.
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| ===Common Causes===
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| *[[Hepatitis]]
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| *[[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]]
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| *[[Gallstones]]
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| *[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
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| *[[Thalassemia]]
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| *[[Sickle-cell disease]]
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| *[[Hemolytic anemia]]
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| *[[Cirrhosis]]
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| *[[Cancer]]
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| ===Causes by Organ System===
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Eclampsia]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Infective endocarditis ]], [[Lupus]], [[Trisomy 18]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[1,2-Dibromoethane ]], [[2-acetylamino-fluorene ]], [[2-Nitropropane ]], [[3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ]], [[4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene ]], [[8-Hydroxyquinolone ]], [[Acer rubrum]], [[Acetates ]], [[Acetonitrile ]], [[Acetylene Tetrabromide ]], [[Acrylonitrile ]], [[Aflatoxin ]], [[Albitocin]], [[Alicyclic Hydrocarbons ]], [[Aliphatic Amines ]], [[Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ]], [[Aliphatic hydrogenated hydrocarbons ]], [[Allyl alcohol ]], [[Amanita phalloides]], [[Aromatic amines ]], [[Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons ]], [[Aromatic Hydrocarbons ]], [[Arsenic ]], [[Arsine ]], [[Benzene ]], [[Benzyl chloride ]], [[Beryllium ]], [[Biliary colic]], [[Bipyridyl pesticides ]], [[Black nightshade poisoning ]], [[Boron ]], [[Cadmium ]], [[Carbarsone ]], [[Carbolic Acids and Anhydrides ]], [[Carbon Disulfide ]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride ]], [[Chloramphenicol ]], [[Chlorate salts ]], [[Chlordane]], [[Chlorinated benzenes ]], [[Chlorinated naphthalene ]], [[Chlorodiphenyls and derivatives ]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chloromethane ]], [[Chloroprene ]], [[Chromium ]], [[Comfrey ]], [[Copper ]], [[Cresol ]], [[Cycasin]], [[Cyclochlorotine ]], [[Dibromochloropropane ]], [[Diethylene Glycol ]], [[Dimethyl sulfate ]], [[Dimethylnitrosamine ]], [[Dinitrobenzene ]], [[Dinitrocresol ]], [[Dinitrophenol ]], [[Dinitrotoluene ]], [[Ethanolamines ]], [[Ethyl Acetate ]], [[Ethyl alcohol ]], [[Ethyl benzene ]], [[Ethyl Ether ]], [[Ethyl Salicylate ]], [[Ethylene chlorohydrin ]], [[Ethylene Dibromide ]], [[Ethylene dichloride ]], [[Ethylene oxide ]], [[Ethylenediamine ]], [[Germander ]], [[Germanium ]], [[Gold ]], [[Hafnium ]], [[Horse nettle ]], [[Hydrogen bromides ]], [[Hydrogen Cyanide ]], [[Icterogenin]], [[Indospicine]], [[Isopropyl acetate ]], [[Kepone pesticides ]], [[Lanthanides ]], [[Lead ]], [[Mercaptans ]], [[Mercury ]], [[Methoxyflurane ]], [[Methyl acetate ]], [[Methyl Bromide ]], [[Methyl Chloride ]], [[Methylene chloride ]], [[Methylene Dianiline ]], [[Metolachlor]], [[Monomethylhydrazine]], [[N,N-Dimethylformamide ]], [[Naphthalene]], [[Naphthol ]], [[N-butyl acetate ]], [[Ngaione]], [[Nickel ]], [[Niobium ]], [[Nitriles ]], [[Nitrobenzene ]], [[Nitromethane ]], [[Nitroparaffins ]], [[N-N-Dimethylacetamide ]], [[N-Nitrosodimethylamine ]], [[N-propyl acetate ]], [[Ochratoxin ]], [[Para-Dichlorobenzene ]], [[Phosphine ]], [[Phosphorus]], [[Phthalic Anhydride ]], [[Picric Acid ]], [[Polybrominated biphenyls ]], [[Polychlorinated biphenyls ]], [[Polygonum multiflorum ]], [[Propylene dichloride ]], [[Psoralea Corylifolia ]], [[Pyrogallol ]], [[Pyrrolidizine]], [[Ragwort]], [[Rubratoxin ]], [[Safrole]], [[Solanine]], [[Solder ]], [[Sterigmatocystin ]], [[Stibine ]], [[Tellurium]], [[Tetrachloroethane]], [[Tetrachloroethylene ]], [[Tetramethylthiuram disulfide ]], [[Thallium]], [[Thioxanthene]], [[Thorium dioxide ]], [[Thorotrast ]], [[Toluene ]], [[Trichloroethylene ]], [[Trinitrotoluene ]], [[Uranium ]], [[Vicia faba]], [[Vinyl Chloride ]], [[White Phosphorus ]], [[Xylene ]] ,[[Favism]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Griscelli disease ]], [[NISCH syndrome ]], [[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome ]], [[Kawasaki disease ]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome ]], [[Lupus]], [[Hemochromatosis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[5-Fluorocytosine ]], [[Acetaminophen]], [[Allopurinol ]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amineptine]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amlodipine]], [[Amodiaquine ]], [[Amphotericin ]], [[Anabolic C-17 ]], [[Bicalutamide]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Buprenorphine]], [[Butyrophenones]], [[Cefaclor]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cimetidine ]], [[Clarithromycin]], [[Clavulanic acid]], [[Clindamycin]], [[Co-amoxiclav]], [[Colchicine ]], [[Cyclopropane ]], [[Cycloserine ]], [[Cytarabine ]], [[Dantrolene ]], [[Dapsone]], [[Daptomycin]], [[Deracoxib]], [[Diazepam]], [[Diflunisal ]], [[Diphenoxylate and Atropine]], [[Disulfiram ]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Doxepine]], [[Duloxetine]], [[Dydrogesterone]], [[Erythromycin estolate ]], [[Erythromycin Ethyl succinate ]], [[Estrogen and Progestin]], [[Ethionamide ]], [[Fenoprofen ]], [[Flucloxacillin]], [[Framycetin]], [[Fusidic acid]], [[Griseofulvin ]], [[Halothane ]], [[Hycanthone ]], [[Ibuprofen ]], [[Idoxuridine ]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indomethacin ]], [[Isoniazid ]], [[Itraconazole]], [[Ketoconazole ]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Mepacrine ]], [[Mephenytoin ]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Metronidazole ]], [[Minocycline]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]], [[Naproxen ]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Nitrous Oxide ]], [[Novobiocin ]], [[Oxycodone]], [[p-aminosalicylic acid ]], [[Papaverine]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Penicillin ]], [[Phenol ]], [[Phenothiazine]], [[Phenylbutazone ]], [[Phenytoin ]], [[Pyridine ]], [[Quinidine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia]], [[Quinolone ]], [[Ranitidine ]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Salicylate ]], [[Sibutramine]], [[Spectinomycin ]], [[Sulindac ]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tegaserod]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Tetracycline ]], [[Thiabendazole ]], [[Trazodone]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vidarabine ]], [[Zoxazolamine ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Gestational diabetes]], [[Growth hormone deficiency]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid agenesis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Accessory pancreas]], [[Acinic cell carcinoma]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Acute Cholecystitis]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Acute hepatitis]], [[Acute liver failure]], [[Addison-Gull syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Alcoholic Hepatitis]], [[Alcoholic liver disease]], [[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver ]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]], [[Ascending cholangitis]], [[Autoimmune Hepatitis ]], [[Baber's syndrome ]], [[Banti's syndrome]], [[Bile duct cancer]], [[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form ]], [[Bile plug syndrome ]], [[Biliary atresia]], [[Biliary cirrhosis ]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[Byler Disease ]], [[Caroli's Disease]], [[Chlorpropamide]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Cholangitis]], [[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation ]], [[Choledochal cysts]], [[Choledocholithiasis]], [[Cholestasis ]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate ]], [[Chronic cholecystitis]], [[Chronic Hepatitis ]], [[Cirrhosis of liver ]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Gallstones ]], [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Hemosuccus pancreaticus]], [[Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome ]], [[Hepatoma ]], [[Hyperemesis gravidarum]], [[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis ]], [[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ]], [[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]], [[Islet Cell adenoma]], [[Liver cancer ]], [[Mirizzi's syndrome]], [[Mosse syndrome ]], [[Neonatal hepatitis ]], [[Neuroma biliary tract ]], [[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]], [[Obliterative portal venopathy ]], [[Pancreatic adenoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pancreatitis]], [[Pancreatoblastoma]], [[Papillary stenosis]], [[Peliosis hepatis]], [[Portal hypertension]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[Sarcoma botryoides of common bile duct]], [[Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis]], [[Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis]], [[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis]], [[Zieve's syndrome]], [[NISCH syndrome ]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption ]], [[Hemochromatosis ]], [[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome ]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]], [[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]], [[HELLP syndrome ]], [[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma ]], [[Pernicious anemia]], [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Viral Hepatitis A]], [[Viral Hepatitis B]], [[Viral Hepatitis C]], [[Viral Hepatitis D]], [[Viral Hepatitis E]], [[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]], [[Reynolds syndrome]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome ]], [[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism ]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome ]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis ]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Trisomy 18]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome ]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis ]], [[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption ]], [[Galactosemia ]], [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Glutaric aciduria ]], [[Hemochromatosis ]], [[Hereditary elliptocytosis ]], [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]], [[Hereditary xerocytosis]], [[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome ]], [[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Niemann-Pick disease ]], [[Porphyria]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]], [[Pseudo-torch syndrome]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Wolman disease]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Griscelli disease ]], [[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC) ]], [[Hereditary spherocytosis]], [[Thalassemia]], [[Fructose intolerance]], [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]], [[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Trisomy 18]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achrestic anemia]], [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[Evans syndrome]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism ]], [[Favism ]], [[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome ]], [[HELLP syndrome ]], [[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC) ]], [[Hemolytic anemia]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis familial]] ,[[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]], [[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma ]], [[Hereditary spherocytosis]], [[HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)]], [[Hodgkin's Disease ]], [[Kawasaki disease ]], [[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ]], [[Lymphoma ]], [[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis ]] ,[[Pernicious anemia]], [[Rh deficiency syndrome]], [[Thalassemia]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Mosse syndrome ]], [[Zieve's syndrome]], [[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis ]], [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Sickle-cell disease]], [[Hereditary elliptocytosis ]], [[Hereditary xerocytosis]], [[Porphyria]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma ]], [[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome ]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Rh disease]], [[Kawasaki disease ]], [[Sickle-cell disease]], [[Griscelli disease ]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Lupus]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Post operative jaundice]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alveolar Hydatid Disease .]], [[Aspergillosis]], [[Congenital TORCH infections]], [[Fascioliasis ]], [[Infective endocarditis ]], [[Malignant boutonneuse fever]], [[Nanukayami ]], [[Neonatal sepsis ]], [[Omphalitis]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Sepsis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Q fever]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Syphilis]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Malaria ]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[Hepadnaviruses ]], [[Herpes]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Marburg virus]], [[Viral Hepatitis A]], [[Viral Hepatitis B]], [[Viral Hepatitis C]], [[Viral Hepatitis D]], [[Viral Hepatitis E]], [[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]], [[Ascending cholangitis]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Acute meningitis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome ]], [[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation ]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism ]], [[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis ]], [[Lupus]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis ]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Hemochromatosis ]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[Lupus]], [[Trisomy 18]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]], [[Acute meningitis]], [[Eclampsia]], [[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome ]], [[Pseudo-torch syndrome]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Lissencephalic syndromes]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]], [[Trisomy 18]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Breast feeding jaundice]], [[Breast milk jaundice ]], [[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]], [[Fructose intolerance]], [[Manganese deficiency]], [[Molybdenum deficiency]], [[Organic acidemia]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]], [[Selenium deficiency]], [[Vitamin A overdose]], [[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]], [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Galactosemia ]], [[Glutaric aciduria ]], [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]], [[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]], [[Niemann-Pick disease ]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Wolman disease]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[HELLP syndrome]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Eclampsia]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Breast cancer]], [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma ]], [[Acinic cell carcinoma]], [[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver ]], [[Bile duct cancer]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Hepatoma ]], [[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ]], [[Islet Cell adenoma]], [[Liver cancer ]], [[Neuroma biliary tract ]], [[Pancreatic adenoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pancreatoblastoma]], [[Lymphoma ]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Mesothelioma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome ]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate ]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome ]], [[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Alagille syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acetaminophen]], [[Iron ]], [[Vitamin C ]], [[Vitamin A]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Tuberculosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome ]], [[Lupus]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Autoimmune Hepatitis ]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[Evans syndrome]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease|Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Lupus]], [[Transfusion reaction]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Lupus]], [[Hemochromatosis ]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cephalhematoma]], [[Blunt trauma|Hepatic trauma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Loxoscelism|Brown Recluse spider bite ]], [[Adrenal hemorrhage|Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]], [[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]], [[Premature birth]], [[Reye's syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |}
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| | |
| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| {{MultiCol}}
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| *[[1,2-Dibromoethane ]]
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| *[[2-acetylamino-fluorene ]]
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| *[[2-Nitropropane ]]
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| *[[3,3-Dichlorobenzidine ]]
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| *[[4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene ]]
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| *[[5-Fluorocytosine ]]
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| *[[8-Hydroxyquinolone ]]
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| *[[Aagenaes syndrome ]]
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| *[[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]]
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| *[[Accessory pancreas]]
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| *[[Acer rubrum]]
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| *[[Acetaminophen]]
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| *[[Acetates ]]
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| *[[Acetonitrile ]]
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| *[[Acetylene Tetrabromide ]]
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| *[[Achrestic anemia]]
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| *[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]
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| *[[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]]
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| *[[Acrylonitrile ]]
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| *[[Acute Cholecystitis]]
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| *[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
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| *[[Acute hepatitis]]
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| *[[Acute liver failure]]
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| *[[Acute meningitis]]
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| *[[Addison-Gull syndrome]]
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| *[[Aflatoxin ]]
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| *[[Alagille syndrome]]
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| *[[Albitocin]]
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| *[[Alcoholic Hepatitis]]
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| *[[Alcoholic liver disease]]
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| *[[Aldolase A deficiency ]]
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| *[[Alicyclic Hydrocarbons ]]
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| *[[Aliphatic Amines ]]
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| *[[Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ]]
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| *[[Aliphatic hydrogenated hydrocarbons ]]
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| *[[Allopurinol ]]
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| *[[Allyl alcohol ]]
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| *[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]]
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| *[[Alprazolam]]
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| *[[Alveolar Hydatid Disease .]]
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| *[[Amanita phalloides]]
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| *[[Amineptine]]
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| *[[Amiodarone]]
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| *[[Amlodipine]]
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| *[[Amodiaquine ]]
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| *[[Amphotericin ]]
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| *[[Anabolic C-17 ]]
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| *[[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver ]]
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| *[[Aromatic amines ]]
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| *[[Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons ]]
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| *[[Aromatic Hydrocarbons ]]
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| *[[Arsenic ]]
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| *[[Arsine ]]
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| *[[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome ]]
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| *[[Ascending cholangitis]]
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| *[[Aspergillosis]]
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| *[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
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| *[[Autoimmune Hepatitis ]]
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| *[[Baber's syndrome ]]
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| *[[Babesiosis ]]
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| *[[Banti's syndrome]]
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| *[[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]]
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| *[[Benzene ]]
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| *[[Benzyl chloride ]]
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| *[[Beryllium ]]
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| *[[Bicalutamide]]
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| *[[Bile duct cancer]]
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| *[[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form ]]
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| *[[Bile plug syndrome ]]
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| *[[Biliary atresia]]
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| *[[Biliary cirrhosis ]]
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| *[[Biliary colic]]
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| *[[Bipyridyl pesticides ]]
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| *[[Black nightshade poisoning ]]
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| *[[Boron ]]
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| *[[Breast cancer]]
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| *[[Breast feeding jaundice]]
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| *[[Breast milk jaundice ]]
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| *[[Bromazepam]]
| |
| *[[Loxoscelism|Brown Recluse spider bite ]]
| |
| *[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Buprenorphine]]
| |
| *[[Butyrophenones]]
| |
| *[[Byler Disease ]]
| |
| *[[Cadmium ]]
| |
| *[[Carbarsone ]]
| |
| *[[Carbolic Acids and Anhydrides ]]
| |
| *[[Carbon Disulfide ]]
| |
| *[[Carbon Tetrachloride ]]
| |
| *[[Caroli's Disease]]
| |
| *[[Cefaclor]]
| |
| *[[Cephalhematoma]]
| |
| *[[Cephalosporins]]
| |
| *[[Chediak-Higashi syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Chloramphenicol ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorate salts ]]
| |
| *[[Chlordane]]
| |
| *[[Chlorinated benzenes ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorinated naphthalene ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorodiphenyls and derivatives ]]
| |
| *[[Chloroform]]
| |
| *[[Chloromethane ]]
| |
| *[[Chloroprene ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorpropamide]]
| |
| *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
| |
| *[[Cholangitis]]
| |
| *[[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation ]]
| |
| *[[Choledochal cysts]]
| |
| *[[Choledocholithiasis]]
| |
| *[[Cholestasis ]]
| |
| *[[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate ]]
| |
| *[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
| |
| *[[Chromium ]]
| |
| *[[Chronic cholecystitis]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| *[[Chronic Hepatitis ]]
| |
| *[[Cimetidine ]]
| |
| *[[Cirrhosis of liver ]]
| |
| *[[Clarithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Clavulanic acid]]
| |
| *[[Clindamycin]]
| |
| *[[Co-amoxiclav]]
| |
| *[[Colchicine ]]
| |
| *[[Colorectal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Comfrey ]]
| |
| *[[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
| |
| *[[Congenital TORCH infections]]
| |
| *[[Copper ]]
| |
| *[[Cresol ]]
| |
| *[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Cycasin]]
| |
| *[[Cyclochlorotine ]]
| |
| *[[Cyclopropane ]]
| |
| *[[Cycloserine ]]
| |
| *[[Cytarabine ]]
| |
| *[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| |
| *[[Dantrolene ]]
| |
| *[[Dapsone]]
| |
| *[[Daptomycin]]
| |
| *[[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Deracoxib]]
| |
| *[[Diazepam]]
| |
| *[[Dibromochloropropane ]]
| |
| *[[Diethylene Glycol ]]
| |
| *[[Diflunisal ]]
| |
| *[[Dimethyl sulfate ]]
| |
| *[[Dimethylnitrosamine ]]
| |
| *[[Dinitrobenzene ]]
| |
| *[[Dinitrocresol ]]
| |
| *[[Dinitrophenol ]]
| |
| *[[Dinitrotoluene ]]
| |
| *[[Diphenoxylate and Atropine]]
| |
| *[[Disulfiram ]]
| |
| *[[Docetaxel]]
| |
| *[[Doxepine]]
| |
| *[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Duloxetine]]
| |
| *[[Dydrogesterone]]
| |
| *[[Eclampsia ]]
| |
| *[[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[Erythromycin estolate ]]
| |
| *[[Erythromycin Ethyl succinate ]]
| |
| *[[Esophageal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Estrogen and Progestin]]
| |
| *[[Ethanolamines ]]
| |
| *[[Ethionamide ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl Acetate ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl alcohol ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl benzene ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl Ether ]]
| |
| *[[Ethyl Salicylate ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylene chlorohydrin ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylene Dibromide ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylene dichloride ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylene oxide ]]
| |
| *[[Ethylenediamine ]]
| |
| *[[Evans syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis ]]
| |
| *[[Familial progressive intrahepatic cholestasis ]]
| |
| *[[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption ]]
| |
| *[[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism ]]
| |
| *[[Fascioliasis ]]
| |
| *[[Favism ]]
| |
| *[[Fenoprofen ]]
| |
| *[[Flucloxacillin]]
| |
| *[[Framycetin]]
| |
| *[[Fructose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Fusidic acid]]
| |
| *[[Galactosemia ]]
| |
| *[[Gallbladder cancer]]
| |
| *[[Gallstones ]]
| |
| *[[Germander ]]
| |
| *[[Germanium ]]
| |
| *[[Gestational diabetes]]
| |
| *[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Glutaric aciduria ]]
| |
| *[[Gold ]]
| |
| *[[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Graft-versus-host disease ]]
| |
| *[[Griscelli disease ]]
| |
| *[[Griseofulvin ]]
| |
| *[[Growth hormone deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Hafnium ]]
| |
| *[[Halothane ]]
| |
| *[[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[HELLP syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Hemochromatosis ]]
| |
| *[[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC) ]]
| |
| *[[Hemolytic anemia]]
| |
| *[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
| |
| *[[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis familial]]
| |
| *[[Hemosuccus pancreaticus]]
| |
| *[[Hepadnaviruses ]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis ]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Blunt trauma|Hepatic trauma]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease|Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]]
| |
| *[[Hepatoma ]]
| |
| *[[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma ]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary elliptocytosis ]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary fructose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary xerocytosis]]
| |
| *[[Herpes]]
| |
| *[[Histoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)]]
| |
| *[[Hodgkin's Disease ]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| *[[Horse nettle ]]
| |
| *[[Hycanthone ]]
| |
| *[[Hydrogen bromides ]]
| |
| *[[Hydrogen Cyanide ]]
| |
| *[[Hyperemesis gravidarum]]
| |
| *[[Hypopituitarism]]
| |
| *[[Hypothyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Ibuprofen ]]
| |
| *[[Icterogenin]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis ]]
| |
| *[[Idoxuridine ]]
| |
| *[[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Imipramine]]
| |
| *[[Indomethacin ]]
| |
| *[[Indospicine]]
| |
| *[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
| |
| *[[Infective endocarditis ]]
| |
| *[[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ]]
| |
| *[[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]]
| |
| *[[Iron ]]
| |
| *[[Islet Cell adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Isoniazid ]]
| |
| *[[Isopropyl acetate ]]
| |
| *[[Itraconazole]]
| |
| *[[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma ]]
| |
| *[[Kawasaki disease ]]
| |
| *[[Kepone pesticides ]]
| |
| *[[Ketoconazole ]]
| |
| *[[Lábrea fever]]
| |
| *[[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ]]
| |
| *[[Lanthanides ]]
| |
| *[[Lead ]]
| |
| *[[Lissencephalic syndromes]]
| |
| *[[Liver cancer ]]
| |
| *[[Loprazolam]]
| |
| *[[Lorazepam]]
| |
| *[[Lormetazepam]]
| |
| *[[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Lupus]]
| |
| *[[Lymphoma ]]
| |
| *[[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]]
| |
| *[[Malaria ]]
| |
| *[[Malignant boutonneuse fever]]
| |
| *[[Manganese deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Marburg virus]]
| |
| *[[Mepacrine ]]
| |
| *[[Mephenytoin ]]
| |
| *[[Mercaptans ]]
| |
| *[[Mercury ]]
| |
| *[[Mesothelioma]]
| |
| *[[Methimazole]]
| |
| *[[Methoxyflurane ]]
| |
| *[[Methyl acetate ]]
| |
| *[[Methyl Bromide ]]
| |
| *[[Methyl Chloride ]]
| |
| *[[Methyldopa]]
| |
| *[[Methylene chloride ]]
| |
| *[[Methylene Dianiline ]]
| |
| *[[Metolachlor]]
| |
| *[[Metronidazole ]]
| |
| *[[Minocycline]]
| |
| *[[Mirizzi's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Mirtazapine]]
| |
| *[[Molybdenum deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]
| |
| *[[Monomethylhydrazine]]
| |
| *[[Mosse syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis ]]
| |
| *[[N,N-Dimethylformamide ]]
| |
| *[[Nanukayami ]]
| |
| *[[Naphthalene]]
| |
| *[[Naphthol ]]
| |
| *[[Naproxen ]]
| |
| *[[N-butyl acetate ]]
| |
| *[[Adrenal hemorrhage|Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[Neonatal hepatitis ]]
| |
| *[[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]]
| |
| *[[Neonatal sepsis ]]
| |
| *[[Neuroma biliary tract ]]
| |
| *[[Ngaione]]
| |
| *[[Nickel ]]
| |
| *[[Niemann-Pick disease ]]
| |
| *[[Niobium ]]
| |
| *[[NISCH syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Nitriles ]]
| |
| *[[Nitrobenzene ]]
| |
| *[[Nitrofurantoin]]
| |
| *[[Nitromethane ]]
| |
| *[[Nitroparaffins ]]
| |
| *[[Nitrous Oxide ]]
| |
| *[[N-N-Dimethylacetamide ]]
| |
| *[[N-Nitrosodimethylamine ]]
| |
| *[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]]
| |
| *[[Novobiocin ]]
| |
| *[[N-propyl acetate ]]
| |
| *[[Obliterative portal venopathy ]]
| |
| *[[Ochratoxin ]]
| |
| *[[Omphalitis]]
| |
| *[[Organic acidemia]]
| |
| *[[Oxycodone]]
| |
| *[[p-aminosalicylic acid ]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatic cancer]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatoblastoma]]
| |
| *[[Papaverine]]
| |
| *[[Papillary stenosis]]
| |
| *[[Para-Dichlorobenzene ]]
| |
| *[[Paroxetine]]
| |
| *[[Peliosis hepatis]]
| |
| *[[Penicillin ]]
| |
| *[[Pernicious anemia]]
| |
| *[[Phenol ]]
| |
| *[[Phenothiazine]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| *[[Phenylbutazone ]]
| |
| *[[Phenytoin ]]
| |
| *[[Phosphine ]]
| |
| *[[Phosphorus]]
| |
| *[[Phthalic Anhydride ]]
| |
| *[[Picric Acid ]]
| |
| *[[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Polybrominated biphenyls ]]
| |
| *[[Polychlorinated biphenyls ]]
| |
| *[[Polygonum multiflorum ]]
| |
| *[[Porphyria]]
| |
| *[[Portal hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Postoperative Jaundice]]
| |
| *[[Premature birth]]
| |
| *[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
| |
| *[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]
| |
| *[[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]]
| |
| *[[Propylene dichloride ]]
| |
| *[[Pseudo-torch syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Psoralea Corylifolia ]]
| |
| *[[Pyridine ]]
| |
| *[[Pyrogallol ]]
| |
| *[[Pyrrolidizine]]
| |
| *[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Q fever]]
| |
| *[[Quinidine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia]]
| |
| *[[Quinolone ]]
| |
| *[[Ragwort]]
| |
| *[[Ranitidine ]]
| |
| *[[Relapsing fever]]
| |
| *[[Reye's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Reynolds syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Rh deficiency syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Rh disease]]
| |
| *[[Rifampicin]]
| |
| *[[Rotor syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Rubratoxin ]]
| |
| *[[Safrole]]
| |
| *[[Salicylate ]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoma botryoides of common bile duct]]
| |
| *[[Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis]]
| |
| *[[Selenium deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Sepsis]]
| |
| *[[Sibutramine]]
| |
| *[[Sickle-cell disease]]
| |
| *[[Solanine]]
| |
| *[[Solder ]]
| |
| *[[Sotos syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Spectinomycin ]]
| |
| *[[Sterigmatocystin ]]
| |
| *[[Stibine ]]
| |
| *[[Sulindac ]]
| |
| *[[Sulphonamides]]
| |
| *[[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Syphilis]]
| |
| *[[Tamoxifen]]
| |
| *[[Tegaserod]]
| |
| *[[Telithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Tellurium]]
| |
| *[[Tetrachloroethane]]
| |
| *[[Tetrachloroethylene ]]
| |
| *[[Tetracycline ]]
| |
| *[[Tetramethylthiuram disulfide ]]
| |
| *[[Thalassemia]]
| |
| *[[Thallium]]
| |
| *[[Thiabendazole ]]
| |
| *[[Thioxanthene]]
| |
| *[[Thorium dioxide ]]
| |
| *[[Thorotrast ]]
| |
| *[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
| |
| *[[Thyroid agenesis]]
| |
| *[[Toluene ]]
| |
| *[[Transfusion Reaction]]
| |
| *[[Trazodone]]
| |
| *[[Trichloroethylene ]]
| |
| *[[Trinitrotoluene ]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Tyrosinemia]]
| |
| *[[Uranium ]]
| |
| *[[Valproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Vicia faba]]
| |
| *[[Vidarabine ]]
| |
| *[[Vinyl Chloride ]]
| |
| *[[Viral Hepatitis A]]
| |
| *[[Viral Hepatitis B]]
| |
| *[[Viral Hepatitis C]]
| |
| *[[Viral Hepatitis D]]
| |
| *[[Viral Hepatitis E]]
| |
| *[[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin A overdose]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin C ]]
| |
| *[[Weil's disease]]
| |
| *[[White Phosphorus ]]
| |
| *[[Wilson's Disease]]
| |
| *[[Wolman disease]]
| |
| *[[Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis]]
| |
| *[[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis]]
| |
| *[[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]]
| |
| *[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]
| |
| *[[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]]
| |
| *[[Xylene ]]
| |
| *[[Yellow fever]]
| |
| *[[Zellweger syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Zieve's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Zoxazolamine ]]
| |
| {{EndMultiCol}}
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{WH}}
| |
| {{WS}}
| |