Weight gain

Weight gain

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Weight gain Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Pathophysiology
Causes
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Weight gain On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Weight gain All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Weight gain
CDC on Weight gain
Weight gain in the news
Blogs on Weight gain
Directions to Hospitals Treating Weight gain
Risk calculators and risk factors for Weight gain

Overview

Weight gain is an increase in body weight. It is generally caused by the intake of excess calories, little exercise, or may be caused by a medical condition. One exception is bodybuilding, in which muscle is gained by workout routines. With a large differential diagnosis, weight gain is a prevalent complaint among adult patients.

It may be intentional or unintentional, sometimes for muscle building, or for health reasons, i.e. increasing body fat percentage to a healthy amount. Intentional reasons may include gaining weight to get to a healthy weight, bodybuilding, and recovery for eating disorders like Anorexia Nervousa.

See also obesity for a full discussion.

Symptoms

• A noticibly larger, rounder stomach.
• Increase in body fat percentage.
• Increase in muscle mass.
• Increase in body hydration levels.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Alstrom syndrome, Heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation
Drug Side Effect	4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, Aldesleukin , Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Anastrozole , Aripiprazole , Asenapine, Atenolol, Azelastine, Bisoprolol , Bosentan , Carteolol , Carvedilol , Chlorpropamide, Chlorprothixene, Ciprofloxacin, Clomiphene , Clomipramine, Clozapine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Cyclosporine , Cyproheptadine, Cyproterone, Danazol, Desonide, Desoximetasone , Dexamethasone, Diclofenac, Dienogest, Diflunisal , Disopyramide, Docetaxel , Doxazosin , Doxepin, Escitalopram, Estrogen Injection, Ethinylestradiol, Etodolac , Fenoprofen , Fentanyl, Fludrocortisone acetate , Gabapentin, Gestrinone, Glatiramer, Glucocorticoid, Goserelin, Haloperidol, Hormone replacement therapy, Hydralazine , Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydrocortisone, Iloperidone, Imatinib, Imipramine, Implanon, Indomethacin, Insulin, Interferon beta-1a , Interferon beta-1b , Itraconazole, Ketorolac, Ketotifen, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Levomepromazine, Lithium , Lofepramine, Maprotiline, Meclofenamate, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Megestrol , Meglitinide, Mesoridazine, Methylprednisolone, Metoprolol, Mianserin, Minoxidil, Misoprostol, Nabumetone, Nadolol, Nialamide, Norplant, NuvaRing, Olanzapine, Oprelvekin, Oxandrolone, Oxcarbazepine, Oxymetholone, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Phenelzine, Phenothiazine, Pindolol, Pioglitazone, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Prednisolone, Pregabalin, Progesterone, Propranolol, Quetiapine, Ractopamine, Reserpine, Risperidone, Rituximab, Rofecoxib, Rosiglitazone, Salsalate, Sargramostim, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Sertindole , Sertraline, Sirolimus , St John's wort, Steroid medications, Sulfonylureas, Sulindac, Sunitinib , Temozolomide , Terazosin, Thiazolidinedione, Thioridazine , Thiothixene, Timolol, Trazodone, Trestolone, Tretinoin, Triamcinolone oral, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Valproic acid, Venlafaxine, Vigabatrin, Ziprasidone, Zotepine
Ear Nose Throat	Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness
Endocrine	Achard-Thiers Syndrome , Acromegaly , Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Froelich's syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency, HAIR-AN Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hyperpituitarism , Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamic tumor, Hypothyroidism, Laron Syndrome , Low Testosterone levels, Lymphomatous thyroiditis , Mauriac syndrome, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Prediabetes, Pseudocyesis, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Riedel's thyroiditis, Sub clinical hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Budd-Chiari syndrome , Cirrhosis of the liver, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease-immunodeficiency , Insulinoma
Genetic	1p36 deletion syndrome, Carpenter's syndrome, Cohen Syndrome , Klinefelter syndrome , Macrosomia Obesity Macrocephaly Ocular abnormalities syndrome, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, X linked mental retardation-precocious puberty-obesity, Obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency, partial 9p duplication, Prader-Willi syndrome, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome , Young Hughes syndrome
Hematologic	Lipedema, Lymphatic obstruction, Milroy's syndrome, Paget-Schroeder syndrome
Iatrogenic	Excessive IV fluid, Nelson's syndrome, Orchidectomy, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Retinoic acid syndrome, Total parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease	Elephantiasis, Infectobesity
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy , Hyperostosis frontalis interna-obesity, Morgagni syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Summitt syndrome , Urban rogers meyer syndrome
Neurologic	Astrocytoma, Borjeson Syndrome , Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome , Chromophobe adenoma, Clark-Baraitser syndrome , Craniopharyngioma, Grahmann's syndrome, Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism , Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism , Mental retardation-blepharophimosis-obesity-web neck, Mental retardation-epilepsy-bulbous nose, Mental retardation-epileptic seizures-hypogonadism-hypogenitalism-microcephaly-obesity, Mental retardation-nasal hypoplasia-obesity-genital hypoplasia, X-linked mental retardation-gynecomastia-obesity, Nguyen syndrome , Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Sheehan's syndrome , Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyponatremia, Metabolic Syndrome , Overeating, Zinc
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian Cancer , Ovarian cyst, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy
Oncologic	Adrenal carcinoma, Adrenal incidentaloma, Pituitary tumour
Opthalmologic	Aniridia ptosis intellectual deficit familial obesity, Ayazi syndrome , Biemond syndrome type 2 , Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Atypical depression, Binge eating disorder, Bipolar disorder , Brief Psychotic Disorder, Compulsive eating, Depression , Disordered eating , Dysthymia , Night eating syndrome, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome , Psychogenic dwarfism, Schizophrenia
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Nephrotic syndrome, Polycystic ovaries urethral sphincter dysfunction, Renal failure, Wilms tumor - aniridia - genitourinary anomalies - mental retardation, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism , Sohval-Soffer syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism , Sohval-Soffer syndrome
Trauma	Hypothalamic trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Aging, Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome , Bodybuilding, Bodybuilding, Castration, Doping , Emotional eating, Familial obesity, Force-feeding, Idiopathic edema, Immobility, Normal growing adolescent, Normal growing child, Normal growing infant, Oedema, Reaction to prior dieting, Sedentary lifestyle, Sleep deprivation, Sleep eating, Smoking cessation, Stress eating, Weight cycling , Wilson's temperature syndrome

Laboratory Findings

• fasting glucose
• urinealysis
• U&E
• Random cortisol

Primary Prevention

• Low calorie diet and excercise

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

List of contributors:

---