Weight gain

Weight gain

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S

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Overview

Weight gain is an increase in body weight. It is generally caused by the intake of excess calories, little exercise, or may be caused by a medical condition. One exception is bodybuilding, in which muscle is gained by workout routines. With a large differential diagnosis, weight gain is a prevalent complaint among adult patients.

It may be intentional or unintentional, sometimes for muscle building, or for health reasons, i.e. increasing body fat percentage to a healthy amount. Intentional reasons may include gaining weight to get to a healthy weight, bodybuilding, and recovery for eating disorders like Anorexia Nervousa.

See also obesity for a full discussion.

Symptoms

• A noticibly larger, rounder stomach.
• Increase in body fat percentage.
• Increase in muscle mass.
• Increase in body hydration levels.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Alstrom syndrome, Heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation
Drug Side Effect	4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, Aldesleukin , Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Anastrozole , Aripiprazole , Asenapine, Atenolol, Azelastine, Bisoprolol , Bosentan , Carteolol , Carvedilol , Chlorpropamide, Chlorprothixene, Ciprofloxacin, Clomiphene , Clomipramine, Clozapine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Cyclosporine , Cyproheptadine, Cyproterone, Danazol, Desonide, Desoximetasone , Dexamethasone, Diclofenac, Dienogest, Diflunisal , Disopyramide, Docetaxel , Doxazosin , Doxepin, Escitalopram, Estrogen Injection, Ethinylestradiol, Etodolac , Fenoprofen , Fentanyl, Fludrocortisone acetate , Gabapentin, Gestrinone, Glatiramer, Glucocorticoid, Goserelin, Haloperidol, Hormone replacement therapy, Hydralazine , Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydrocortisone, Iloperidone, Imatinib, Imipramine, Implanon, Indomethacin, Insulin, Interferon beta-1a , Interferon beta-1b , Itraconazole, Ketorolac, Ketotifen, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Levomepromazine, Lithium , Lofepramine, Maprotiline, Meclofenamate, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Megestrol , Meglitinide, Mesoridazine, Methylprednisolone, Metoprolol, Mianserin, Minoxidil, Misoprostol, Nabumetone, Nadolol, Nialamide, Norplant, NuvaRing, Olanzapine, Oprelvekin, Oxandrolone, Oxcarbazepine, Oxymetholone, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Phenelzine, Phenothiazine, Pindolol, Pioglitazone, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Prednisolone, Pregabalin, Progesterone, Propranolol, Quetiapine, Ractopamine, Reserpine, Risperidone, Rituximab, Rofecoxib, Rosiglitazone, Salsalate, Sargramostim, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Sertindole , Sertraline, Sirolimus , St John's wort, Steroid medications, Sulfonylureas, Sulindac, Sunitinib , Temozolomide , Terazosin, Thiazolidinedione, Thioridazine , Thiothixene, Timolol, Trazodone, Trestolone, Tretinoin, Triamcinolone oral, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Valproic acid, Venlafaxine, Vigabatrin, Ziprasidone, Zotepine
Ear Nose Throat	Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness
Endocrine	Achard-Thiers Syndrome , Acromegaly , Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Froelich's syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency, HAIR-AN Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hyperpituitarism , Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamic tumor, Hypothyroidism, Laron Syndrome , Low Testosterone levels, Lymphomatous thyroiditis , Mauriac syndrome, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Prediabetes, Pseudocyesis, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Riedel's thyroiditis, Sub clinical hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Budd-Chiari syndrome , Cirrhosis of the liver, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease-immunodeficiency , Insulinoma
Genetic	1p36 deletion syndrome, Carpenter's syndrome, Cohen Syndrome , Klinefelter syndrome , Macrosomia Obesity Macrocephaly Ocular abnormalities syndrome, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, X linked mental retardation-precocious puberty-obesity, Obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency, partial 9p duplication, Prader-Willi syndrome, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome , Young Hughes syndrome
Hematologic	Lipedema, Lymphatic obstruction, Milroy's syndrome, Paget-Schroeder syndrome
Iatrogenic	Excessive IV fluid, Nelson's syndrome, Orchidectomy, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Retinoic acid syndrome, Total parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease	Elephantiasis, Infectobesity
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy , Hyperostosis frontalis interna-obesity, Morgagni syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Summitt syndrome , Urban rogers meyer syndrome
Neurologic	Astrocytoma, Borjeson Syndrome , Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome , Chromophobe adenoma, Clark-Baraitser syndrome , Craniopharyngioma, Grahmann's syndrome, Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism , Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism , Mental retardation-blepharophimosis-obesity-web neck, Mental retardation-epilepsy-bulbous nose, Mental retardation-epileptic seizures-hypogonadism-hypogenitalism-microcephaly-obesity, Mental retardation-nasal hypoplasia-obesity-genital hypoplasia, X-linked mental retardation-gynecomastia-obesity, Nguyen syndrome , Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Sheehan's syndrome , Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyponatremia, Metabolic Syndrome , Overeating, Zinc
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian Cancer , Ovarian cyst, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy
Oncologic	Adrenal carcinoma, Adrenal incidentaloma, Pituitary tumour
Opthalmologic	Aniridia ptosis intellectual deficit familial obesity, Ayazi syndrome , Biemond syndrome type 2 , Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Atypical depression, Binge eating disorder, Bipolar disorder , Brief Psychotic Disorder, Compulsive eating, Depression , Disordered eating , Dysthymia , Night eating syndrome, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome , Psychogenic dwarfism, Schizophrenia
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Nephrotic syndrome, Polycystic ovaries urethral sphincter dysfunction, Renal failure, Wilms tumor - aniridia - genitourinary anomalies - mental retardation, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism , Sohval-Soffer syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism , Sohval-Soffer syndrome
Trauma	Hypothalamic trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Aging, Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome , Bodybuilding, Bodybuilding, Castration, Doping , Emotional eating, Familial obesity, Force-feeding, Idiopathic edema, Immobility, Normal growing adolescent, Normal growing child, Normal growing infant, Oedema, Reaction to prior dieting, Sedentary lifestyle, Sleep deprivation, Sleep eating, Smoking cessation, Stress eating, Weight cycling , Wilson's temperature syndrome

Laboratory Findings

• fasting glucose
• urinealysis
• U&E
• Random cortisol

Primary Prevention

• Low calorie diet and excercise

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

List of contributors:

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