Hashimoto's encephalopathy: Difference between revisions
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* Speech problems | * Speech problems | ||
===Lab tests=== | ===Lab tests=== | ||
* Blood TSH, T3, T4 levels | * Blood TSH, T3, T4 levels | ||
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* CSF analysis - increased protein concentration, lymphocytic pleocytosis | * CSF analysis - increased protein concentration, lymphocytic pleocytosis | ||
===Electroencephalogram=== | ===Electroencephalogram=== | ||
* Generalized slowing of acitivity | * Generalized slowing of acitivity | ||
===CT and MRI=== | ===CT and MRI=== | ||
Revision as of 20:52, 24 July 2012
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hashimoto's Encephalopathy is a very rare condition associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Hashimoto's Encephalopathy is a neuroendocrine disorder. Much like the antibodies in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis attack the thyroid, in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy, antibodies attack neurons in the brain.
Pathophysiology
A few theories are proposed for Hashimoto encephalopathy.
- Neuronal injury due to antibody mediated destruction.
- Immmune complex mediated vasculitis
- Toxic effect of increased thyroid stimulating hormone.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- Concentration and memory problems
Physical examination
- Jerks in the muscles
- Lack of coordination
- Partial paralysis
- Speech problems
Lab tests
- Blood TSH, T3, T4 levels
- Anti thyroid peroxidase levels
- CSF analysis - increased protein concentration, lymphocytic pleocytosis
Electroencephalogram
- Generalized slowing of acitivity
CT and MRI
- Non specific and show normal results
- In few patients atrophy may be seen
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Steroids or immunosuppressant treatment, this condition is now also referred to as "steroid-responsive" encephalopathy.