Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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{{Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis}} | {{Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}: {{KD}} | |||
Various studies have investigated the use of [[anticoagulation]] (suppression of blood clot formation) in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Before these trials, there was a concern that small areas of hemorrhage would bleed further as a result of treatment. The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) recommends [[heparin]] or [[low molecular weight heparin]] in the initial treatment, followed by [[warfarin]], provided there are no other bleeding risks that would make these treatments unsuitable. | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
===[[Anticoagulants]]=== | |||
[[Thrombolysis]] | Various studies have investigated the use of [[anticoagulation]] (suppression of blood clot formation) in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Before these trials, there was a concern that small areas of hemorrhage would bleed further as a result of treatment. The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) recommends [[heparin]] or [[low molecular weight heparin]] in the initial treatment, followed by [[warfarin]], provided there are no other bleeding risks that would make these treatments unsuitable. The duration of warfarin treatment depends on the circumstances and underlying causes of the condition. If the thrombosis developed under temporary circumstances (e.g. pregnancy), three months are regarded as sufficient. If the condition was unprovoked but there are no clear causes or a "mild" form of thrombophilia, 6 to 12 months is advised. If there is a severe underlying thrombosis disorder, warfarin treatment may need to continue indefinitely. | ||
===[[Thrombolysis]]=== | |||
Removal of the blood clot with "clot buster" medication has been described, either systemically by injection into a vein or directly into the clot during angiography. The 2006 EFNS guideline recommends that thrombolysis is only used in patients who deteriorate despite adequate treatment, and other causes of deterioration have been eliminated. It is unclear which drug and which mode of administration is the most effective. Bleeding into the brain and in other sites of the body is a major concern in the use of thrombolysis. | |||
===[[Acetazolamide]]=== | |||
It may be used to decrease raised intracranial pressure.<ref name=EFNS>{{cite journal |author=Einhäupl K, Bousser MG, de Bruijn SF, ''et al''|title=EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis |journal=Eur. J. Neurol. |volume=13 |issue=6|pages=553–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16796579 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01398.x}}</ref> | |||
=== [[Anticonvulsants]]=== | |||
It may be used prophylactically (i.e. to prevent seizures); these are focal neurological problems (e.g. inability to move a limb) and/or focal changes of the brain tissue on CT or MRI scan. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:06, 25 July 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: : Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]
Medical Therapy
Anticoagulants
Various studies have investigated the use of anticoagulation (suppression of blood clot formation) in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Before these trials, there was a concern that small areas of hemorrhage would bleed further as a result of treatment. The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) recommends heparin or low molecular weight heparin in the initial treatment, followed by warfarin, provided there are no other bleeding risks that would make these treatments unsuitable. The duration of warfarin treatment depends on the circumstances and underlying causes of the condition. If the thrombosis developed under temporary circumstances (e.g. pregnancy), three months are regarded as sufficient. If the condition was unprovoked but there are no clear causes or a "mild" form of thrombophilia, 6 to 12 months is advised. If there is a severe underlying thrombosis disorder, warfarin treatment may need to continue indefinitely.
Thrombolysis
Removal of the blood clot with "clot buster" medication has been described, either systemically by injection into a vein or directly into the clot during angiography. The 2006 EFNS guideline recommends that thrombolysis is only used in patients who deteriorate despite adequate treatment, and other causes of deterioration have been eliminated. It is unclear which drug and which mode of administration is the most effective. Bleeding into the brain and in other sites of the body is a major concern in the use of thrombolysis.
Acetazolamide
It may be used to decrease raised intracranial pressure.[1]
Anticonvulsants
It may be used prophylactically (i.e. to prevent seizures); these are focal neurological problems (e.g. inability to move a limb) and/or focal changes of the brain tissue on CT or MRI scan.
References
- ↑ Einhäupl K, Bousser MG, de Bruijn SF; et al. (2006). "EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis". Eur. J. Neurol. 13 (6): 553–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01398.x. PMID 16796579.