Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism: Difference between revisions
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{{SK}} Secondary hypoganadism; Central hypogonadism; gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency; gonadotropin deficiency | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism''' | '''Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism''' is a [[medical condition|condition]] which is characterized by [[hypogonadism]] due to an impaired secretion of [[gonadotropin]]s, including [[follicle-stimulating hormone]] (FSH) and [[luteinizing hormone]] (LH), by the [[pituitary gland]] in the [[brain]], and in turn decreased gonadotropin levels and a resultant lack of [[sex steroid]] production.<ref name="NBK1278">{{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1278/ | title = Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency Overview - GeneReviews™ - NCBI Bookshelf | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The type of HH, based on its cause, may be classified as either ''primary'' or ''secondary''. ''Primary'' HH, also called [[isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism|isolated HH]], is responsible for only a small subset of cases of HH, and is characterized by an otherwise normal function and anatomy of the [[hypothalamus]] and [[anterior pituitary]]. It is caused by [[congenital disorder|congenital syndrome]]s such as [[Kallmann syndrome]] and [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity|gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity]]. ''Secondary'' HH, also known as acquired or syndromic HH, is far more common than primary HH, and is responsible for most cases of the condition. It has a multitude of different causes, including [[brain tumor|brain]] or [[pituitary tumor]]s, [[pituitary apoplexy]], [[head trauma]], ingestion of certain [[drug]]s, and certain [[systemic disease]]s and [[syndrome]]s.<ref name="NBK1278" /> | The type of HH, based on its cause, may be classified as either ''primary'' or ''secondary''. ''Primary'' HH, also called [[isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism|isolated HH]], is responsible for only a small subset of cases of HH, and is characterized by an otherwise normal function and anatomy of the [[hypothalamus]] and [[anterior pituitary]]. It is caused by [[congenital disorder|congenital syndrome]]s such as [[Kallmann syndrome]] and [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity|gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity]]. ''Secondary'' HH, also known as acquired or syndromic HH, is far more common than primary HH, and is responsible for most cases of the condition. It has a multitude of different causes, including [[brain tumor|brain]] or [[pituitary tumor]]s, [[pituitary apoplexy]], [[head trauma]], ingestion of certain [[drug]]s, and certain [[systemic disease]]s and [[syndrome]]s.<ref name="NBK1278" /> | ||
==Diagnosis== | |||
==Symptoms== | ===History and Symptoms=== | ||
{{See also|hypogonadism}} | {{See also|hypogonadism}} | ||
Examples of symptoms of hypogonadism include [[delayed puberty|delayed, reduced, or absent puberty]], low [[libido]], and [[infertility]]. | Examples of symptoms of hypogonadism include [[delayed puberty|delayed, reduced, or absent puberty]], low [[libido]], and [[infertility]]. | ||
Revision as of 21:07, 29 July 2012
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Secondary hypoganadism; Central hypogonadism; gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency; gonadotropin deficiency
Overview
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism due to an impaired secretion of gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), by the pituitary gland in the brain, and in turn decreased gonadotropin levels and a resultant lack of sex steroid production.[1]
Causes
The type of HH, based on its cause, may be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary HH, also called isolated HH, is responsible for only a small subset of cases of HH, and is characterized by an otherwise normal function and anatomy of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. It is caused by congenital syndromes such as Kallmann syndrome and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity. Secondary HH, also known as acquired or syndromic HH, is far more common than primary HH, and is responsible for most cases of the condition. It has a multitude of different causes, including brain or pituitary tumors, pituitary apoplexy, head trauma, ingestion of certain drugs, and certain systemic diseases and syndromes.[1]
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Examples of symptoms of hypogonadism include delayed, reduced, or absent puberty, low libido, and infertility.
Treatment
Treatment of HH may consist of administration of either a GnRH agonist or a gonadotropin formulation in the case of primary HH and treatment of the root cause (e.g., a tumor) of the symptoms in the case of secondary HH. Alternatively, hormone replacement therapy with androgens and estrogens in males and females, respectively, may be employed.
See also
- Hypogonadism
- Delayed puberty and infertility
- Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and HPG axis
- Gonads (testicles and ovaries)
- GnRH and gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
- Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens)