Craniofacial anomalies

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List of terms related to Craniofacial anomalies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: facial anomalies, CFA, facial dysmorphism

Overview

Craniofacial anomalies are a group of deformities of the head and face that are present at birth.

Classification

• Cleft lip and palate a separation in the lip and the palate
• Craniosynostosis - premature closure of the soft spots in an infant’s skull
• Hemifacial microsomia - a condition in which the tissues on one side of the face are underdeveloped
• Vascular malformation - an abnormal growth composed of blood vessels
• Hemangioma - a benign tumor that causes a red birthmark
• Deformational (or positional) plagiocephaly - a misshapen (asymmetrical) shape of the head (cranium) from repeated pressure to the same area of the head. Plagiocephaly literally means "oblique head" (from the Greek "plagio" for oblique and "cephale" for head).

Pathophysiology

Associated Disorders

• Coffin Lowry Syndrome
• Craniosynostosis
• Crouzon Syndrome (Craniofacial Dysostosis)
• Apert Syndrome
• Fibrous Dysplasia
• Hemifacial Microsomia
• Microtia
• Pfeiffer Syndrome
• Holoprosencephaly
• Holoprosencephaly (HPE)
• Noonan Syndrome
• Pierre Robin Sequence
• Positional Plagiocephaly
• Flattened Head
• Sotos Syndrome
• Treacher Collins Syndrome

Causes

• Congenital
• Folate deficiency

Epdidemiology and Demographics

In the United States, craniosynostosis occurs in about 1 in every 2000 births.

Gender

The disorder is more common in boys than in girls.

Treatment

Surgery.