Cromoglicate

Cromoglicate

Clinical data
Routes of administration	topical: oral, nasal spray, inhaled, eye drops
ATC code	R03BC01 (WHO) R01AC01 (WHO) A07EB01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	inhaler POM, eye OTC(UK)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	1%
Elimination half-life	1.3 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5-[3-(2-carboxy-4-oxo-chromen-6-yl) oxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy]- 4-oxo-chromene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number	16110-51-3
PubChem CID	27686
DrugBank	APRD00336
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H16O11
Molar mass	468.367 g/mol

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Cromoglicate (INN) (also referred to as cromolyn (USAN) or cromoglycate (former BAN)) is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells.

Uses

It is available as a nasal spray (Rynacrom®(UK), Nasalcrom®) to treat allergic rhinitis, as an inhaler (Intal®) for preventive management of asthma, as eye drops (Opticrom® and Optrex Allergy® (UK), Crolom®) for allergic conjunctivitis, or in an oral form (Gastrocrom®) to treat mastocytosis, dermatographic urticaria and ulcerative colitis.

Sodium cromoglicate has also been shown to reduce symptoms of food allergies, including some cases of chronic migraines.

Mechanism of action

The underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood; for while cromoglicate stabilizes mast cells, this mechanism is probably not why it works in asthma. Pharmaceutical companies have produced 20 related compounds that are equally or more potent at stabilising mast cells and none of them have shown any anti-asthmatic effect. It is more likely that these work by inhibiting the response of sensory C fibres to the irritant capsacin, inhibiting local axon reflexes involved in asthma, and may inhibit the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators involved in asthma. (see review by Garland, 1991)

Allergic reactions

Allegic reactions may include severe rash internally and externally.

It is known to somewhat inhibit chloride channels (37% +/- 7%) and thus may inhibit the:

• exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors on sensory nerve endings (e.g. exercise-induced asthma)
• release of preformed cytokines from several type of inflammatory cells (T cells, eosinophils) in allergen-induced asthma

Note: Another chemical (NPPB (5-nitro-2(3-phenyl) propylamino-benzoic acid)) was shown, in the same study, to be a more effective chloride channel blocker.

Finally it may act by inhibiting calcium influx.

Cromoglicate is classified as a chromone.

References

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