Hypermagnesemia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
m Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +) |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
'''Hypermagnesemia''' is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] in which there is an abnormally elevated level of [[magnesium]] in the blood. Usually this results in excess of magnesium in the body. | '''Hypermagnesemia''' is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] in which there is an abnormally elevated level of [[magnesium]] in the blood. Usually this results in excess of magnesium in the body. | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 9 August 2012
| Hypermagnesemia | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Magnesium | |
| ICD-10 | E83.4 |
| ICD-9 | 275.2 |
| DiseasesDB | 6259 |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Hypermagnesemia |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Hypermagnesemia Most cited articles on Hypermagnesemia |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Hypermagnesemia |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Hypermagnesemia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hypermagnesemia Clinical Trials on Hypermagnesemia at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hypermagnesemia NICE Guidance on Hypermagnesemia
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Hypermagnesemia Discussion groups on Hypermagnesemia Patient Handouts on Hypermagnesemia Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypermagnesemia Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypermagnesemia
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Hypermagnesemia |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of magnesium in the blood. Usually this results in excess of magnesium in the body.
Hypermagnesemia occurs rarely because the kidney is very effective in excreting excess magnesium. It usually develops only in people with kidney failure who are given magnesium salts or who take drugs that contain magnesium (e.g. some antacids and laxatives). It is usually concurrent with hypercalcemia and/or hyperkalemia.
Metabolism
For a detailed description of magnesium homeostasis and metabolism see hypomagnesemia.
Symptoms
- Weakness, nausea and vomiting
- Hypotension
- Impaired breathing
- Arrhythmia and asystole, most prominent cardiac symptoms are due to conduction delays, since magnesium acts as physiologic calcium blocker.
Clinical consequences related to serumconcentration:
- 4.0 mEq/l hyporeflexia
- >5.0 mEq/l Prolonged atrioventricular conduction
- >10.0 mEq/l Complete heart block
- >13.0 mEq/l Cardiac arrest
Causes
Since magnesium is excreted through the kidneys, renal failure can result in hypermagnesemia. The most important cause however is suppletion.
Predisposing conditions
- Hemolysis, magnesium concentration in erythrocytes is approximately three times greater than in serum, therefore hemolysis can increase plasma magnesium. Hypermagnesemia is expected only in massive hemolysis.
- Renal insufficiency, excretion of magnesium becomes impaired when creatinine clearance falls below 30 ml/min. However, hypermagnesemia is not a prominent feature of renal insufficiency unless magnesium intake is increased.
- Other conditions that can predispose to mild hypermagnesemia are diabetic ketoacidosis, adrenal insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism and lithium intoxication.
Therapy
Prevention of hypermagnesemia usually is possible. In mild cases, withdrawing magnesium suppletion is often sufficient. In more severe cases the following treatments are used:
- Intravenous calcium gluconate, because the actions of magnesium in neuromuscular and cardiac function are antagonized by calcium.
Definitive treatment of hypermagnesemia requires increasing renal magnesium excretion through:
- Intravenous diuretics, in the presence of normal renal function
- Dialysis, when kidney function is impaired and the patient is symptomatic from hypermagnesemia