Acute pancreatitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance of the patient=== | ===Appearance of the patient=== | ||
* Patient appears to be in distress because of the [[abdominal pain]]. | * Patient appears to be [[pale]] and in distress because of the [[abdominal pain]]. | ||
===Vitals=== | ===Vitals=== | ||
====Temperature==== | ====Temperature==== | ||
* [[Elevated body temperature]] is present | * [[Elevated body temperature]] is present. | ||
===Pulse=== | ===Pulse=== | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
====Strength==== | ====Strength==== | ||
*The pulse may be weak | *The pulse may be weak | ||
===Blood Pressure=== | ===Blood Pressure=== | ||
*[[Hypotension]] may be present | *[[Hypotension]] may be present. | ||
===Respiratory Rate=== | ===Respiratory Rate=== | ||
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present | *[[Tachypnea]] may be present. | ||
===Skin=== | |||
* [[Grey-Turner's sign]] - hemorrhagic discoloration of the flanks. | |||
* [[Cullen's sign]] - hemorrhagic discoloration of the [[umbilicus]]. | |||
* Grünwald sign - appearance of [[ecchymosis]], large [[bruise]], around the umbilicus due to local toxic lesion of the vessels. | |||
* [[Jaundice]] may be present. | |||
* [[Pallor]] may be present. | |||
* Erythematous skin nodules of size less than 1 cm may be seen due to subcutaneous [[fat necrosis]]. | |||
===Eye=== | |||
* Ischemic changes in the [[retina]] on [[ophthalmoscopy]] - [[Purtscher retinopathy]]. Caused by the activation of [[complement system]]. | |||
===Lung=== | |||
* Rapid shallow breaths are seen | |||
* Reduced breath sounds when auscultated due to possible [[pleural effusion]]. | |||
* [[Rales]] may be present | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
* [[Abdominal distention]] may be present. | |||
* [[Abdominal tenderness]] may be present. | |||
* [[Rebound]] may be present. | |||
* An [[acute abdomen]] is present. | |||
* An [[abdominal mass]] may be present. | |||
* Guarding is present. | |||
* Körte's sign (pain or resistance in the zone where the head of [[pancreas]] is located (in [[epigastrium]], 6–7 cm above the umbilicus). | |||
* Kamenchik's sign (pain with pressure under the [[xiphoid process]]). | |||
* Mayo-Robson's sign (pain while pressing at the top of the angle lateral to the Erector spinae muscles and below the left 12th rib (left costovertebral angle (CVA). | |||
* Mayo-Robson's point - a point on border of inner 2/3 with the external 1/3 of the line that represents the bisection of the left upper abdominal quadrant, where tenderness on pressure exists in disease of the pancreas. At this point the tail of pancreas is projected on the abdominal wall. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 19:52, 16 August 2012
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Acute pancreatitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Acute pancreatitis physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute pancreatitis physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute pancreatitis physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
Appearance of the patient
- Patient appears to be pale and in distress because of the abdominal pain.
Vitals
Temperature
- Elevated body temperature is present.
Pulse
Rate
- Tachycardia may be present
Rhythm
- The pulse is regular
Strength
- The pulse may be weak
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension may be present.
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypnea may be present.
Skin
- Grey-Turner's sign - hemorrhagic discoloration of the flanks.
- Cullen's sign - hemorrhagic discoloration of the umbilicus.
- Grünwald sign - appearance of ecchymosis, large bruise, around the umbilicus due to local toxic lesion of the vessels.
- Jaundice may be present.
- Pallor may be present.
- Erythematous skin nodules of size less than 1 cm may be seen due to subcutaneous fat necrosis.
Eye
- Ischemic changes in the retina on ophthalmoscopy - Purtscher retinopathy. Caused by the activation of complement system.
Lung
- Rapid shallow breaths are seen
- Reduced breath sounds when auscultated due to possible pleural effusion.
- Rales may be present
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention may be present.
- Abdominal tenderness may be present.
- Rebound may be present.
- An acute abdomen is present.
- An abdominal mass may be present.
- Guarding is present.
- Körte's sign (pain or resistance in the zone where the head of pancreas is located (in epigastrium, 6–7 cm above the umbilicus).
- Kamenchik's sign (pain with pressure under the xiphoid process).
- Mayo-Robson's sign (pain while pressing at the top of the angle lateral to the Erector spinae muscles and below the left 12th rib (left costovertebral angle (CVA).
- Mayo-Robson's point - a point on border of inner 2/3 with the external 1/3 of the line that represents the bisection of the left upper abdominal quadrant, where tenderness on pressure exists in disease of the pancreas. At this point the tail of pancreas is projected on the abdominal wall.