Bronchospasm: Difference between revisions
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{{AE}} Areej Tariq | |||
== Overview == | |||
'''Bronchospasm''' is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ([[degranulation]]) of substances from [[mast cells]] or [[basophil]]s under the influence of [[anaphylatoxin]]s. | '''Bronchospasm''' is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ([[degranulation]]) of substances from [[mast cells]] or [[basophil]]s under the influence of [[anaphylatoxin]]s. | ||
Bronchospasm appears as the feature of [[asthma]], chronic [[bronchitis]], [[anaphylaxis]], and as a possible side-effect of the drug [[Pilocarpine]] (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things). The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in [[mucous]] production; this reduces the amount of [[oxygen]] that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] (that can cause [[cyanosis]]). | Bronchospasm appears as the feature of [[asthma]], chronic [[bronchitis]], [[anaphylaxis]], and as a possible side-effect of the drug [[Pilocarpine]] (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things). The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in [[mucous]] production; this reduces the amount of [[oxygen]] that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] (that can cause [[cyanosis]]). | ||
== Causes == | |||
=== Common Causes === | |||
=== Causes by Organ System === | |||
=== Causes in Alphabetical Order === | |||
{{MultiCol}} | |||
*[[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] | *[[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] | ||
*[[Abciximab | *[[Abciximab]] | ||
*[[Acetylcysteine]] | |||
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]] | *[[Acetylsalicylic acid]] | ||
*[[Adenosine]] | |||
*[[Alanycarb]] | |||
*[[Aldicarb]] | |||
*[[Aldoxycarb]] | |||
*[[Alemtuzumab]] | *[[Alemtuzumab]] | ||
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] | *[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] | ||
*[[Allyxycarb]] | |||
*[[Amidithion]] | |||
*[[Aminocarb]] | |||
*[[Amiton]] | |||
*[[Analgesic asthma syndrome]] | |||
*[[Anaphylactic shock]] | |||
*[[Anaphylatoxin]] | *[[Anaphylatoxin]] | ||
*[[Anaphylaxis]] | |||
*[[Aspiration]] | |||
*[[Aspirin]] | *[[Aspirin]] | ||
*[[Asthma]] | |||
*[[Atenolol]] | *[[Atenolol]] | ||
*[[Athyl-Gusathion]] | |||
*[[Atracurium]] | *[[Atracurium]] | ||
*[[Azinfosethyl]] | |||
*[[Azinfos-methyl]] | |||
*[[Azinophos-methyl]] | |||
*[[Azinphos]] | |||
*[[Azinphos-ethyl]] | |||
*[[Azinphos-methyl]] | |||
*[[Azinphosmetile]] | |||
*[[Azothoate]] | |||
*[[Bendiocarb]] | |||
*[[Benfuracarb]] | |||
*[[Benoxafos]] | |||
*[[Benzonatate]] | |||
*[[Beta-blockers]] | *[[Beta-blockers]] | ||
*[[Betahistine]] | |||
*[[Betaxolol]] | *[[Betaxolol]] | ||
*[[Bethanechol]] | |||
*[[Blood transfusion]] | |||
*[[Bromophos]] | |||
*[[Bromophos-ethyl]] | |||
*[[Bronchial challenge test]] | *[[Bronchial challenge test]] | ||
*[[Bronchiolitis]] | |||
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]] | |||
*[[Bufencarb]] | |||
*[[Butacarb]] | |||
*[[Butocarboxim]] | |||
*[[Butoxcarboxim]] | |||
*[[Byssinosis]] | |||
*[[Cadusafos]] | |||
*[[Carbamates]] | |||
*[[Carbanolate]] | |||
*[[Carbaryl]] | |||
*[[Carbofuran]] | |||
*[[Carbophenothion]] | |||
*[[Carbosulfan]] | |||
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]] | |||
*[[Carcinoid tumour ]] | |||
*[[Caterpillar poisoning]] | |||
*[[Chlorfenvinphos]] | |||
*[[Chlorine Dioxide]] | |||
*[[Chloroacetophenone]] | |||
*[[Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile]] | |||
*[[Chloropyrifos]] | |||
*[[Chlorpyrifos methyl]] | |||
*[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]] | |||
*[[Cloethocarb]] | |||
*[[Clove cigarette smoking]] | |||
*[[Cocaine]] | *[[Cocaine]] | ||
*[[Colistin]] | *[[Colistin]] | ||
*[[ | *[[CS gas]] | ||
*[[Cyanthoate]] | |||
*[[Cyclizine]] | |||
*[[Decarbofuran]] | |||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Demeton]] | |||
*[[Demeton-methyl]] | |||
*[[Demeton-O]] | |||
*[[Demeton-O-methyl]] | |||
*[[Demeton-S-methyl]] | |||
*[[Demeton-S-methylsulphon]] | |||
*[[Dialifos]] | |||
*[[Diazinon]] | |||
*[[Dichlorvos]] | |||
*[[Diclofenac]] | *[[Diclofenac]] | ||
*[[Exercise | *[[Dicresyl]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Dicrotophos]] | ||
*[[Dimetan]] | |||
*[[Dimethoate]] | |||
*[[Dimetilan]] | |||
*[[Dioxacarb]] | |||
*[[Dioxathion]] | |||
*[[Disulfoton]] | |||
*[[EMPC]] | |||
*[[Emphysema]] | |||
*[[Endothion]] | |||
*[[Ethiofencarb]] | |||
*[[Ethion]] | |||
*[[Ethoate-methyl]] | |||
*[[Ethoprophos]] | |||
*[[Ethyl-guthion]] | |||
*[[Etrimfos]] | |||
*[[Eucalyptus oil ]] | |||
*[[Exercise induced bronchospasm]] | |||
*[[Exercise stress testing]] | |||
*[[Felbinac]] | |||
*[[Fenchlorphos]] | |||
*[[Fenethacarb]] | |||
*[[Fenitrothion]] | |||
*[[Fenobucarb]] | |||
*[[Fensulfothion]] | |||
*[[Fenthion]] | |||
*[[Fonophos]] | |||
*[[Food allergy]] | |||
*[[Formothion]] | |||
*[[Furathiocarb]] | |||
*[[Gonionemus poisoning]] | |||
*[[Guthion (ethyl)]] | |||
*[[Heptenophos]] | |||
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]] | *[[Hydrogen sulfide]] | ||
*[[Hydroxyethyl starch]] | *[[Hydroxyethyl starch]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]] | ||
*[[Hyquincarb]] | |||
*[[Ibritumomab tiuxetan]] | |||
*[[Ibuprofen]] | *[[Ibuprofen]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Indometacin]] | ||
*[[Iodofenphos]] | |||
*[[Isofenphos]] | |||
*[[Isoprocarb]] | |||
*[[Ketamine]] | *[[Ketamine]] | ||
*[[Ketorolac]] | *[[Ketorolac]] | ||
*[[Labetalol]] | |||
*[[Latex allergy]] | |||
*[[Malathion]] | |||
*[[Mastocytosis]] | |||
*[[Mecarbam]] | |||
*[[Methacrifos]] | |||
*[[Methamidophos]] | |||
*[[Methidathion]] | |||
*[[Methiocarb]] | |||
*[[Methomyl]] | |||
*[[Methylene Diisocyanate]] | |||
*[[Metiltriazotion]] | |||
*[[Metolcarb]] | |||
*[[Mevinphos]] | |||
*[[Mexacarbate]] | |||
*[[Monocrotophos]] | |||
*[[Monosodium glutamate]] | *[[Monosodium glutamate]] | ||
*[[Nadolol]] | *[[Nadolol]] | ||
*[[Near-drowning]] | |||
*[[Nitrazepam]] | *[[Nitrazepam]] | ||
*[[ | {{ColBreak}} | ||
*[[Nitrilacarb]] | |||
*[[Nitrogen dioxide]] | |||
*[[Nitromethane]] | |||
*[[NSAIDs]] | |||
*[[Omethoate]] | |||
*[[Organophosphates]] | |||
*[[Oxamyl]] | |||
*[[Oxydeprofos]] | |||
*[[Oxydisulfoton]] | |||
*[[Parathion]] | |||
*[[Parathion Methyl]] | |||
*[[Peanut allergies]] | |||
*[[Penicillin]] | |||
*[[Pentamidine]] | *[[Pentamidine]] | ||
*[[Pfiesteria piscicida ]] | |||
*[[Phenkapton]] | |||
*[[Phorate]] | |||
*[[Phosalone]] | |||
*[[Phosdrin]] | |||
*[[Phosmet]] | |||
*[[Phosphamidon]] | |||
*[[Phoxim]] | |||
*[[Pilocarpine]] | |||
*[[Pirimicarb]] | |||
*[[Pirimiphos-methyl]] | |||
*[[Platinum salts]] | |||
*[[Pneumonia]] | |||
*[[Pollen allergy]] | |||
*[[Primiphos methyl]] | |||
*[[Profenofos]] | |||
*[[Promacyl]] | |||
*[[Promecarb]] | |||
*[[Propafenone]] | *[[Propafenone]] | ||
*[[Propoxur]] | |||
*[[Propranolol]] | |||
*[[Prothidathion]] | |||
*[[Prothoate]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary eosinophilia]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary strongyloidiasis]] | |||
*[[Pyrimitate]] | |||
*[[Quinalphos]] | |||
*[[Quintiofos]] | |||
*[[Radiocontrast]] | |||
*[[Rapacuronium]] | *[[Rapacuronium]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Schistosomiasis]] | ||
*[[Scombroid]] | *[[Scombroid]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Shaver's disease]] | ||
*[[Smoke inhalation]] | |||
*[[Snake bite]] | |||
*[[Sophamide]] | |||
*[[Streptokinase]] | |||
*[[Sulfotep]] | |||
*[[Sulfur Trioxide]] | |||
*[[Tazimcarb]] | |||
*[[Terbufos]] | |||
*[[Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate]] | |||
*[[Tetrodotoxin]] | *[[Tetrodotoxin]] | ||
*[[Thiocarboxime]] | |||
*[[Thiodicarb]] | |||
*[[Thiofanox]] | |||
*[[Thiometon]] | |||
*[[Timolol]] | *[[Timolol]] | ||
*[[Tolclofos methyl]] | |||
*[[Toluene Diisocyanate]] | |||
*[[Triazophos]] | |||
*[[Triazotion]] | |||
*[[Trifenfos]] | |||
*[[Trimethacarb]] | |||
*[[Vamidothion]] | |||
*[[Viral illness]] | |||
*[[Visceral larva migrans]] | |||
*[[XMC]] | |||
*[[Xylylcarb]] | |||
*[[Zanamivir]] | *[[Zanamivir]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
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Revision as of 19:18, 18 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Areej Tariq
Overview
Bronchospasm is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins.
Bronchospasm appears as the feature of asthma, chronic bronchitis, anaphylaxis, and as a possible side-effect of the drug Pilocarpine (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things). The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in mucous production; this reduces the amount of oxygen that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and hypoxia (that can cause cyanosis).
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order