|
|
| Line 112: |
Line 112: |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Pulmonary''' | | | '''Pulmonary''' |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shaver's disease]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Asthma]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Emphysema]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shaver's disease]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Asthma]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Emphysema]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Analgesic asthma syndrome]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pulmonary strongyloidiasis]], [[Aspiration]], [[Byssinosis]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| Line 120: |
Line 120: |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | | | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Food allergy]], [[Peanut allergy]], [[Pollen allergy]], [[Latex allergy]], [[Anaphylactic shock]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| Line 140: |
Line 140: |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Miscellaneous''' | | | '''Miscellaneous''' |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Anaphylactic shock]], [[Aspiration]], [[Exercise induced bronchospasm]], [[Food allergy]], [[Clove cigarette smoking]], [[Near-drowning]], [[Peanut allergies]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Anaphylactic shock]], [[Aspiration]], [[Exercise induced bronchospasm]], [[Food allergy]], [[Clove cigarette smoking]], [[Near-drowning]], [[Peanut allergies]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Snake bite]], [[Latex allergy]], [[Pollen allergy]], [[Cocaine]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Areej Tariq, Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S.
Overview
Bronchospasm is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins.
Bronchospasm appears as the feature of asthma, chronic bronchitis, anaphylaxis, and as a possible side-effect of the drug Pilocarpine (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things). The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in mucous production; this reduces the amount of oxygen that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and hypoxia (that can cause cyanosis).
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Churg-Strauss syndrome, Anaphylactic shock
|
| Chemical / poisoning
|
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb, Amidithion, Aminocarb, Amiton, Anaphylatoxin, Athyl-Gusathion, Azinfosethyl, Azinfos-methyl, Azinophos-methyl, Azinphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-methyl, Azinphosmetile, Azothoate, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Benoxafos, Bromophos, Bromophos-ethyl, Snake bite, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxcarboxim, Cadusafos, Carbamates, Carbanolate, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbophenothion, Carbosulfan, Caterpillar poisoning, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlorine Dioxide, Chloroacetophenone, Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile, Chloropyrifos, Chlorpyrifos methyl, Cloethocarb, CS gas, Cyanthoate, Decarbofuran, Demeton, Demeton-methyl, Demeton-O, Demeton-O-methyl, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulphon, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dicresyl, Dicrotophos, Dimetan, Dimethoate, Dimetilan, Dioxacarb, Dioxathion, Disulfoton, EMPC, Endothion, Ethiofencarb, Ethion, Ethoate-methyl, Ethoprophos, Ethyl-guthion, Etrimfos, Eucalyptus oil , Fenchlorphos, Fenethacarb, Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Fonophos, Formothion, Furathiocarb, Gonionemus poisoning, Guthion (ethyl), Heptenophos, Hydrogen sulfide, Hyquincarb, Iodofenphos, Isofenphos, Isoprocarb, Latex allergy, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Methylene Diisocyanate, Metiltriazotion, Metolcarb, Mevinphos, Mexacarbate, Monocrotophos, Monosodium glutamate, Nitrilacarb, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitromethane, Omethoate, Organophosphates, Oxamyl, Oxydeprofos, Oxydisulfoton, Parathion, Parathion Methyl, Phenkapton, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosdrin, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimicarb, Pirimiphos-methyl, Platinum salts, Primiphos methyl, Profenofos, Promacyl, Promecarb, Propoxur, Prothidathion, Prothoate, Pyrimitate, Quinalphos, Quintiofos, Radiocontrast, Scombroid, Smoke inhalation, Sophamide, Sulfotep, Sulfur Trioxide, Tazimcarb, Terbufos, Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate, Tetrodotoxin, Thiocarboxime, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Thiometon, Tolclofos methyl, Toluene Diisocyanate, Triazophos, Triazotion, Trifenfos, Trimethacarb, Vamidothion, XMC, Xylylcarb, Analgesic asthma syndrome
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Abciximab, Acetylcysteine, Acetylsalicylic acid, Adenosine, Alemtuzumab, Aspirin, Atenolol, Atracurium, Benzonatate, Beta-blockers, Betahistine, Betaxolol, Bethanechol, Cocaine, Colistin, Cyclizine, Diclofenac, Felbinac, Hydroxyethyl starch, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketamine, Ketorolac, Labetalol, Nadolol, Nitrazepam, NSAIDs, Penicillin, Pentamidine, Pilocarpine, Propafenone, Propranolol, Rapacuronium, Streptokinase, Timolol, Zanamivir
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
Byssinosis, Pollen allergy
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Genetic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Hematologic
|
Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Mastocytosis
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Blood transfusion, Bronchial challenge test, Exercise stress testing
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Pfiesteria piscicida , Pneumonia, Schistosomiasis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Pulmonary strongyloidiasis, Viral illness, Visceral larva migrans, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Bronchiolitis
|
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional / Metabolic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
Carcinoid tumour
|
| Opthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose / Toxicity
|
Abciximab, Acetylcysteine, Acetylsalicylic acid, Adenosine, Alemtuzumab, Aspirin, Atenolol, Atracurium, Benzonatate, Beta-blockers, Betahistine, Betaxolol, Bethanechol, Cocaine, Colistin, Cyclizine, Diclofenac, Felbinac, Hydroxyethyl starch, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketamine, Ketorolac, Labetalol, Nadolol, Nitrazepam, NSAIDs, Penicillin, Pentamidine, Pilocarpine, Propafenone, Propranolol, Rapacuronium, Streptokinase, Timolol, Zanamivir
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
Shaver's disease, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Emphysema, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Analgesic asthma syndrome, Pneumonia, Pulmonary strongyloidiasis, Aspiration, Byssinosis
|
| Renal / Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
|
Anaphylaxis, Food allergy, Peanut allergy, Pollen allergy, Latex allergy, Anaphylactic shock
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Anaphylaxis, Anaphylactic shock, Aspiration, Exercise induced bronchospasm, Food allergy, Clove cigarette smoking, Near-drowning, Peanut allergies, Carcinoid syndrome, Snake bite, Latex allergy, Pollen allergy, Cocaine
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
Template:WS
de:Bronchospasmus
nl:Bronchospasme