Urinary hesitancy: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Revision as of 01:32, 20 August 2012

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: hesitancy; delayed urination; difficulty initiating urination

Overview

Urinary hesitancy is defined as difficulty in initiating and maintaining a flow of urine.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Epidemiology and Demographics

Urinary hesitancy is observed in both genders at all ages. It tends to affect elderly males more frequently.

Diagnosis

Laboratory Studies

The following diagnostic studies may be of use:

Catheterization of the bladder to determine residual urine volume and to get urine for culture (a catheterized urine specimen)
Cystometrography
Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate (similar to a transvaginal ultrasound
Urethral swab for culture
Urinalysis and culture
Voiding cystourethrogram

Treatment

Treatment for urinary hesitancy depends on the cause. Often, medications such as alpha-blockers can relieve the symptoms. If you have a bacterial infection, your health care provider may prescribe antibiotics. You may need surgery to relieve a prostate obstruction (see TURP).

References

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Causes==
+=== Common Causes ===
+=== Causes by Organ System ===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Opthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
+{{MultiCol}}
+*[[Amitriptyline]]
+*[[Amoxapine]]
+*[[Anticholinergics]]
+*[[Bashful bladder syndrome]]
+*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
+*[[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]]
+*[[Bladder diverticulum]]
+*[[Blood clot in the urethra]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Herpes genitalis]]
+*[[Herpes zoster]]
+*[[Meatal stenosis]]
+*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
+*[[Nasal decongestants]]
+*[[Norpramin]]
+*[[Pamelor]]
+*[[Poor bladder contractility]]
+*[[Posterior strictures in males]]
+*[[Primary bladder neck dysfunction]]
+*[[Prostatic cancer]]
+*[[Prostatitis]]
+*[[Pudendal nerve entrapment]]
+{{ColBreak}}
+*[[Recovery from general anesthesia]]
+*[[Retroverted pregnancy]]
+*[[Secondary tumor deposits in vertebra]]
+*[[Shy bladder syndrome]]
+*[[Sinequan]]
+*[[Spinal cord lesions]]
+*[[Surmontil]]
+*[[Syringomyelia]]
+*[[Tabes dorsalis]]
+*[[Tight phemosis]]
+*[[Tofranil]]
+*[[Transverse myelitis]]
+*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
+*[[Tumor of the spinal cord]]
+*[[Tumor of the spinal meninges]]
+*[[Urethral carcinoma]]
+*[[Urethral stricture]]
+*[[Urinary tract infection]]
+*[[Urinary tract obstruction]]
+*[[Uterine fibroids]]
+*[[Vaginal carcinoma ]]
+*[[Vivactil ]]
+{{EndMultiCol}}
 * [[Amitriptyline]]
 * [[Amoxapine]]