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| '''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Granulocytosis, neutrophilia | | '''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Granulocytosis, neutrophilia |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Leukocytosis overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Leukocytosis''' is an elevation of the white blood cell count (the [[leukocyte]] count) above the normal range. The normal adult human leukocyte count in peripheral [[blood]] is 4.4-10.8 x 10<sup>9</sup>/[[litre|L]]. A white blood count of 11.0 x 10<sup>9</sup>/[[litre|L]] or more suggests leukocytosis. Often, the word refers to an increased [[neutrophil granulocyte]] count, as neutrophils are the main granulocytes. An increase in [[eosinophil granulocyte]] is known as [[eosinophilia]]. Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of disease processes including [[infection]], especially [[bacterium|bacteria]]; [[malignancy]], most notably [[leukemia]] (it is the main feature of [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]], CML) and [[autoimmune disease]]. Although it may be a sign of illness, leukocytosis in-and-of itself is not a disorder, nor is it a disease. It is simply a laboratory finding.
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | | ==[[Leukocytosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| Leukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals including steroids. Leukocytosis can also be the first indication of [[neoplastic]] growth of leukocytes.
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| ==Pathophysiology== | | ==[[Leukocytosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| The mechanism that causes leukocytosis can be of several forms: an increased release of leukocytes from [[bone marrow]] storage pools, decreased margination of leukocytes onto vessel walls, decreased [[leukocyte extravasation|extravasation]] of leukocytes from the vessels into tissues, or an increase in number of precursor cells in the marrow.
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| ==Classification Scheme== | | ==[[Leukocytosis causes|Causes]]== |
| Leukocytosis can be subcategorized by the type of white blood cell that is increased in number.
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| ===Granulocytosis / Neutrophilia=== | | ==[[Leukocytosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Leukocytosis from other Diseases]]== |
| [[Granulocytosis]] or [[neutrophilia]] is a subcategory of leukocytosis in which [[neutrophil]] count is elevated. | |
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| '''''For complete list of conditions that cause neutrophilia, click [[Granulocytosis|here]]'''''
| | ==[[Leukocytosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| ===Eosinophilia=== | | ==[[Leukocytosis screening|Screening]]== |
| [[Eosinophilia]] is a subcategory of leukocytosis in which [[eosinophil]] count is elevated. | |
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| '''''For complete list of conditions that cause eosinophilia, click [[Eosinophilia|here]]'''''
| | ==[[Leukocytosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| ===Monocytosis=== | | == Diagnosis == |
| [[Monocytosis]] is a subcategory of leukocytosis in which [[monocyte]] count is elevated.
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| '''''For complete list of conditions that cause monocytosis, click [[Monocytosis|here]]'''''
| | [[Leukocytosis history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Leukocytosis physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Leukocytosis laboratory findings | Laboratory Findings]] | [[Leukocytosis other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic studies]] |
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| ===Basophilia=== | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Basophilia]] is a subcategory of leukocytosis in which [[basophilia]] count is elevated. | | [[Leukocytosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Leukocytosis primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Leukocytosis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Leukocytosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Leukocytosis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]] |
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| '''''For complete list of conditions that cause basophilia, click [[Basophilia|here]]'''''
| | ==[[Leukocytosis case study one|Case Study]]== |
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| ===Lymphocytosis===
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| [[Lymphocytosis]] is a subcategory of leukocytosis in which [[lymphocyte]] count is elevated. | |
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| '''''For complete list of conditions that cause neutrophilia, click [[Lymphocytosis|here]]'''''
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| ==Leukemoid Reaction==
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| A leukocyte count of above 25 to 30 x 10<sup>9</sup>/[[litre|L]] is termed as [[leukemoid reaction]]. This occurs as a reaction of healthy bone marrow to extreme stress, trauma, or infection.
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| [[Leukemoid reaction]] is different from [[leukemia]] and from leukoerythroblastosis, in which immature blood cells are present in peripheral blood.
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| ==Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}} (specifically)==
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| ===By Organ System===
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| {|height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Plerixafor]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colonic diverticulitis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist|Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
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| |}
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| ===In alphabetical order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>===
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| *[[Colonic diverticulitis]]
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| *[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]
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| *[[Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist|Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency]]
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| *[[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
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| *[[Plerixafor]]
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| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |
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| *[[Lymphocytosis]] | | *[[Lymphocytosis]] |
| *[[Basophilia]] | | *[[Basophilia]] |
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Hematology}}
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| {{Lymphatic disease}}
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| [[Category:Laboratory Test]] | | [[Category:Laboratory Test]] |
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| [[Category:Blood tests]] | | [[Category:Blood tests]] |
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| [[Category:Overview complete]] | | [[Category:Overview complete]] |
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |