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===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough===
===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough===
(By organ system)
(By organ system)
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |
[[Aortic arch anomalies]],
[[Atrial myxoma]],
[[Beriberi Heart Disease]],
[[Congestive Heart Failure]],
[[Hypotension]],
[[Mitral stenosis]],
[[Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction]],
[[Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]],
[[Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Abrin]],
[[Cadmium poisoning]],
[[Polymer fume fever]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Abacavir ]],
[[Abatacept  ]],
[[ABVD]],
[[ACE inhibitor]],
[[Acetylmorphone]],
[[Acyclovir ]],
[[Adalimumab  ]],
[[Adefovir ]],
[[Albuterol  ]],
[[Alefacept ]],
[[Alfuzosin ]],
[[Aliskiren ]],
[[Amiodarone  ]],
[[Amlodipine and Benazepril ]],
[[Amphotericin B  ]],
[[Anagrelide ]],
[[Anastrozole ]],
[[Atazanavir ]],
[[Benazepril]],
[[Bepridil ]],
[[Bevacizumab  ]],
[[Bitolterol  ]],
[[Bortezomib ]],
[[Brimonidine  ]],
[[Budesonide]],
[[Busulfan ]],
[[Captopril]],
[[Carvedilol ]],
[[Cetuximab  ]],
[[Cevimeline]],
[[Chlorambucil ]],
[[Cladribine ]],
[[Clobutinol]],
[[Clofarabine  ]],
[[Clofedanol]],
[[Co-trimoxazole  ]],
[[Cromolyn Sodium  ]],
[[Cytarabine ]],
[[Dacarbazine ]],
[[Dactinomycin ]],
[[Darbepoetin Alfa  ]],
[[Diborane]],
[[Docetaxel ]],
[[Domiodol]],
[[Dornase alfa]],
[[DTPA]],
[[Efalizumab  ]],
[[Efavirenz ]],
[[Emtricitabine ]],
[[Enalapril ]],
[[Enfuvirtide]],
[[Epinastine  ]],
[[Eplerenone ]],
[[Epoetin Alfa  ]],
[[Eprosartan ]],
[[Erlotinib ]],
[[Estradiol Topical ]],
[[Etanercept  ]],
[[Fexofenadine ]],
[[Floxuridine ]],
[[Fludarabine Phosphate ]],
[[Fluorouracil ]],
[[Fluticasone and Salmeterol  ]],
[[Fluvastatin ]],
[[Fosamprenavir ]],
[[Fosinopril ]],
[[Gabapentin ]],
[[Gefitinib ]],
[[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride ]],
[[Glyburide and Metformin ]],
[[Granisetron ]],
[[Histrelin  ]],
[[Ibandronate ]],
[[Ifosfamide ]],
[[Iloprost]],
[[Imipramine]],
[[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin)  ]],
[[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular  ]],
[[Isoproterenol  ]],
[[Ketorolac]],
[[Lamivudine ]],
[[Lamotrigine ]],
[[Letrozole ]],
[[Levalbuterol  ]],
[[Lisinopril ]],
[[Lomustine ]],
[[Mechlorethamine ]],
[[Melphalan ]],
[[Mercaptopurine ]],
[[Mesalamine ]],
[[Metaproterenol ]],
[[Methotrexate ]],
[[Metoprolol]],
[[Mitomycin ]],
[[Moexipril ]],
[[Moxifloxacin  ]],
[[Mycophenolic acid]],
[[Natalizumab  ]],
[[Nateglinide  ]],
[[Nedocromil  ]],
[[Nicotine nasal spray ]],
[[Nilutamide ]],
[[Nitrofurantoin ]],
[[Omeprazole ]],
[[Oxaliplatin  ]],
[[Oxcarbazepine ]],
[[Paclitaxel]],
[[Pamidronate  ]],
[[Peginterferon alfa-2a ]],
[[Pemetrexed ]],
[[Penbutolol ]],
[[Pentamidine]],
[[Perindopril]],
[[Pegaspargase ]],
[[Pimecrolimus topical ]],
[[Pirbuterol acetate  ]],
[[Plicamycin ]],
[[Primaquine ]],
[[Procarbazine ]],
[[Prograf]],
[[Quinapril]],
[[Ramelteon ]],
[[Ramipril]],
[[Ribavirin ]],
[[Risedronate ]],
[[Risperidone ]],
[[Rosiglitazone ]],
[[Rosuvastatin ]],
[[Salmeterol  ]],
[[Saquinavir ]],
[[Sevelamer ]],
[[Sirolimus ]],
[[Sodium stibogluconate]],
[[Spironolactone ]],
[[Sulindac ]],
[[Tacrolimus]],
[[Tamsulosin ]],
[[Thioguanine ]],
[[Thiotepa ]],
[[Tipranavir ]],
[[Tocainide ]],
[[Topotecan Hydrochloride ]],
[[Trandolapril]],
[[Trimetrexate Glucuronate ]],
[[Vinorelbine Tartrate ]],
[[Vorinostat ]],
[[Zanamivir  ]],
[[Ziprasidone ]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]],
[[Adenoid hypertrophy]],
[[Allergic rhinitis]],
Atopic rhinitis,
[[Croup]],
[[Goiter]],
[[Laryngitis]],
[[Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease]],
[[Laryngotracheal cleft]],
[[Pharyngitis]],
[[Post-nasal drip]],
[[Strep throat]],
Subglottic hemangioma,
[[Subglottic stenosis]],
[[Tonsillolith]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Goiter]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Caplan's Syndrome]],
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD),
[[Hay fever]],
Low humidity,
Occupational exposure of irritants
[[Passive smoking]],
[[Sick building syndrome]],
[[Silicosis]],
[[Smoking]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Achalasia]],
[[Esophageal atresia]],
[[Esophageal cancer]],
[[Esophageal dysmotility]],
[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]],
[[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Cystic fibrosis]],
[[Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Chest tube]],
[[Thoracentesis]],
[[Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Adenoviridae]],
[[Aphthovirus]],
[[Ascaris infection]],
[[Aspergillosis]],
[[Blastomycosis]],
[[Bordetella pertussis]],
[[Byssinosis]],
[[Chickenpox]],
[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]],
[[Cladosporium]],
[[CMV Pneumonitis]],
[[Coccidioidomycosis]],
[[Community-acquired pneumonia]],
[[Cryptococcosis]],
[[Fasciolosis]],
[[Filariasis]],
[[Gnathostomiasis]],
[[Histoplasmosis]],
[[Human ehrlichiosis]],
[[Infectious mononucleosis]],
[[Influenza]],
[[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
[[Lassa fever]],
[[Legionellosis]],
[[Measles]],
[[Melioidosis]],
[[Miliary tuberculosis]],
[[Mucor stolonifer]],
[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]],
[[Nocardiosis]],
[[Paprika splitter's lung]],
[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]],
[[Papillomatosis]],
[[Paragonimus Infection]],
[[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia]],
[[Psittacosis]],
[[Q Fever]],
[[Rhinovirus]],
[[Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula]],
[[Schistosomiasis]],
[[Sporotrichosis]],
[[Strep throat]],
[[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]],
[[Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]],
[[Trichinosis]],
[[Tuberculosis]],
[[Tularemia]],
[[Typhoid fever]],
[[Upper respiratory tract infection]],
[[Yersinia Pestis Infection]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Beriberi Heart Disease]],
[[Cholesterol pneumonia]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Bronchogenic cyst]],
[[Pulmonary sequestration]],
[[Esophageal atresia]],
[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
Cervical mass,
[[Esophageal cancer]],
[[Kaposi's sarcoma]],
[[Laryngeal cancer]],
[[Lymphangitis carcinomatous]],
[[Mediastinal tumor]],
[[Mesothelioma]],
[[Papillomatosis]],
[[Thymoma]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Ganciclovir ]],
[[Nickel carbonyl]],
[[Valganciclovir ]],
[[Salicylate sensitivity]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Psychogenic cough,
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Acute bronchitis]],
[[Acute Chest Syndrome]],
[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]],
[[Asthma]],
[[Atelectasis]],
[[Atypical pneumonia]],
[[Aspergillosis]],
[[Blastomycosis]],
Bronchial stenosis,
Bronchial web,
[[Bronchiectasis]],
[[Bronchiolitis]],
[[Bronchitis]],
[[Bronchogenic cyst]],
[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]],
[[Ciliary dyskinesia]],
[[Cystic fibrosis]],
[[Goodpasture's syndrome]],
[[Hamman-Rich syndrome]],
[[Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis]],
[[Interstitial pneumonia]],
[[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
[[Lung abscess]],
[[Pleurisy]],
[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]],
[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]],
[[Pulmonary Embolism]],
[[Pulmonary hypertension]],
[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]],
[[Tracheal stenosis]],
[[Tracheitis]],
[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]],
[[Tracheomalacia]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]],
[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Post cerebrovascular accident,
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Alcoholism]],
Aspirated foreign bodies,
Cerumenosis,
[[Choking]],
[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]],
Ear foreign body,
Hair in the ear canal,
|-
|}


== Complications ==
== Complications ==

Revision as of 18:47, 24 August 2012

For patient information click here

Cough
ICD-10 R05
ICD-9 786.2

Cough Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Historical perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cough from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

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Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Cough On the Web

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Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cough

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cough

CDC on Cough

Cough in the news

Blogs on Cough

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cough

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cough

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] M.Umer Tariq [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Tussis

Cause

Complete List of Differential Diagnoses Sorted by Nonproductive vs Productive Nature of Cough

Nonproductive Cough

Productive Cough

Complete Differential Diagnosis of Cough Sorted by Frequency of Causes

In alphabetical order. [1] [2]

Most Common Causes

Other Causes

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough

(By organ system)

Complications

The complications of coughing can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute complications include cough syncope (fainting spells due to decreased blood flow to the brain when coughs are prolonged and forceful), insomnia, cough-induced vomiting, rupture of blebs causing spontaneous pneumothorax, subconjunctival hemorrhage or "red eye", coughing defecation and in women with a prolapsed uterus, cough urination. Chronic complications are common and include abdominal or pelvic hernias, fatigue fractures of lower ribs and costochondritis.

Treatment

Coughs can be treated with cough medicines. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce phlegm) are treated with expectorants that loosen mucus from the respiratory tract. Centrally acting cough suppressants, such as codeine and dextromethorphan reduce the urge to cough by inhibiting the response of the sensory endings by depolarization of the vagus nerve. A recent study indicates that, because of the presence of theobromine in chocolate, 50 grams of dark chocolate may be an effective treatment for a persistent cough.[3]

Gargling with salt and warm water can also be helpful by reducing phlegm.

During injections

Coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick caused by a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ Usichenko, TI (2004). "Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 99 (3): 952–3. PMID 14742367. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

Additional Resource

  • McCool F (2006). "Global physiology and pathophysiology of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines". Chest. 129 (1 Suppl): 48S–53S. PMID 16428691.Full text

External links

Template:Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs Template:Common Cold

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs


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