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Clinical depression was originally considered to be a [[chemical imbalance theory|chemical imbalance]] in transmitters in the brain, a theory based on observations made in the 1950s of the effects of [[reserpine]] and [[isoniazid]] in altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels and affecting depressive symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Schildkraut | first = J.J. |date=1965 | title = The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 122 | issue = 5 | pages = 509-22}}</ref> Since these suggestions, many other causes for clinical depression have been proposed.<ref name="chem">Castren, E. (2005). Is Mood Chemistry? Nat Rev Neurosci, : p6(3):241-6 PMID 15738959.</ref> | Clinical depression was originally considered to be a [[chemical imbalance theory|chemical imbalance]] in transmitters in the brain, a theory based on observations made in the 1950s of the effects of [[reserpine]] and [[isoniazid]] in altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels and affecting depressive symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Schildkraut | first = J.J. |date=1965 | title = The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 122 | issue = 5 | pages = 509-22}}</ref> Since these suggestions, many other causes for clinical depression have been proposed.<ref name="chem">Castren, E. (2005). Is Mood Chemistry? Nat Rev Neurosci, : p6(3):241-6 PMID 15738959.</ref> | ||
Some medical professionals and anthropologists have formed several theories as to how depression may have evolutionary advantages, i.e., how it might have increased genetic fitness in ancestral populations. For example, ''psychic pain'' may have evolved in an analogous way to [[pain|physical pain]] so that organisms avoid behaviour which hinders reproduction. This insight may be helpful in counselling therapy.<ref>{{citation|title=Evolution, depression and counselling|journal=Counselling Psychology Quarterly|volume= Volume 18, Number 3|pages=215-222|date=September 2005|author=Tony J. Carey}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Is depression good for you?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7268496.stm|date=Thursday, 28 February 2008|author=Tom Geoghegan}}</ref> Proponents of the psychic pain theory tend to view clinical depression as a dysfunctional extreme of low mood or mild depression. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:28, 27 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
The modern idea of depression appears similar to the much older concept of melancholia. The name melancholia derives from "black bile", one of the "four humours" postulated by Galen.
Clinical depression was originally considered to be a chemical imbalance in transmitters in the brain, a theory based on observations made in the 1950s of the effects of reserpine and isoniazid in altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels and affecting depressive symptoms.[1] Since these suggestions, many other causes for clinical depression have been proposed.[2]
Some medical professionals and anthropologists have formed several theories as to how depression may have evolutionary advantages, i.e., how it might have increased genetic fitness in ancestral populations. For example, psychic pain may have evolved in an analogous way to physical pain so that organisms avoid behaviour which hinders reproduction. This insight may be helpful in counselling therapy.[3][4] Proponents of the psychic pain theory tend to view clinical depression as a dysfunctional extreme of low mood or mild depression.
References
- ↑ Schildkraut, J.J. (1965). "The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence". Am J Psychiatry. 122 (5): 509–22.
- ↑ Castren, E. (2005). Is Mood Chemistry? Nat Rev Neurosci, : p6(3):241-6 PMID 15738959.
- ↑ Tony J. Carey (September 2005), "Evolution, depression and counselling", Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Volume 18, Number 3: 215–222
- ↑ Tom Geoghegan (Thursday, 28 February 2008), Is depression good for you? Check date values in:
|date=(help)