Hemolytic anemia classification: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Hemolytic anemia}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==Classification== Causes of haemolytic anaemis can be either genetic or acquired. ===Genetic=== *Genetic conditions o...") |
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Hemolytic anemias can be either genetic or acquired. | |||
===Genetic=== | ===Genetic=== | ||
*Genetic conditions of RBC membrane | *Genetic conditions of RBC membrane | ||
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**[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (G6PD or favism) | **[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (G6PD or favism) | ||
**[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | **[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | ||
*Genetic conditions of | *Genetic conditions of hemoglobin | ||
**[[Sickle cell | **[[Sickle cell anemia]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Thalassemia]] | ||
===Acquired=== | ===Acquired=== | ||
Acquired | |||
Acquired hemolytic anemia can be further divided into immune and non-immune mediated. | |||
'''Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia''' (direct [[Coombs test]] is positive) | '''Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia''' (direct [[Coombs test]] is positive) | ||
| Line 42: | Line 44: | ||
***Other [[Blood type|blood group]] incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, [[Kidd antigen system|Kidd]], [[Duffy antigen|Duffy]], MN, P and others) | ***Other [[Blood type|blood group]] incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, [[Kidd antigen system|Kidd]], [[Duffy antigen|Duffy]], MN, P and others) | ||
**Alloimmune hemolytic [[Blood transfusion#Complications|blood transfusion]] reactions (ie from a non-compatible [[blood type]]) | **Alloimmune hemolytic [[Blood transfusion#Complications|blood transfusion]] reactions (ie from a non-compatible [[blood type]]) | ||
*Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic | *Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia | ||
**[[Penicillin]] (high dose) | **[[Penicillin]] (high dose) | ||
**[[Methyldopa]] | **[[Methyldopa]] | ||
'''Non-immune mediated | '''Non-immune mediated hemolytic anemia''' (direct [[Coombs test]] is negative) | ||
*[[Medication|Drugs]] (i.e., some drugs and other ingested substances lead to | *[[Medication|Drugs]] (i.e., some drugs and other ingested substances lead to hemolysis by direct action on RBCs) | ||
*[[Toxin]]s (e.g., snake venom) | *[[Toxin]]s (e.g., snake venom) | ||
*Trauma | *Trauma | ||
Revision as of 15:42, 28 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Classification
Hemolytic anemias can be either genetic or acquired.
Genetic
- Genetic conditions of RBC membrane
- Genetic conditions of RBC metabolism (enzyme defects)
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD or favism)
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Genetic conditions of hemoglobin
Acquired
Acquired hemolytic anemia can be further divided into immune and non-immune mediated.
Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Idiopathic
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
- Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
- Infectious mononucleosis and mycoplasma ( atypical) pneumonia
- Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
- Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
- Rh disease (Rh D)
- ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others)
- Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (ie from a non-compatible blood type)
- Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
- Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- Penicillin (high dose)
- Methyldopa
Non-immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is negative)
- Drugs (i.e., some drugs and other ingested substances lead to hemolysis by direct action on RBCs)
- Toxins (e.g., snake venom)
- Trauma
- Mechanical (heart valves, extensive vascular surgery, microvascular disease)
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (a specific subtype with causes such as TTP, HUS, DIC and HELLP syndrome)
- Infections
- Membrane disorders
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
- Liver disease