Cleft lip and palate history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
A direct result of an open connection between the [[oral cavity]] and [[nasal cavity]] is '''velopharyngeal insufficiency''' ([[velopharyngeal inadequacy|VPI]]). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal [[voice]] [[resonance]] and nasal emissions.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite journal |author=Sloan GM |title=Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art |journal=Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=112-22 |year=2000 |pmid=10749049|doi=}}</ref> Secondary effects of VPI include speech [[articulation]] errors (e.g., [[distortions]], substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).<ref>Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.</ref>. | A direct result of an open connection between the [[oral cavity]] and [[nasal cavity]] is '''velopharyngeal insufficiency''' ([[velopharyngeal inadequacy|VPI]]). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal [[voice]] [[resonance]] and nasal emissions.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite journal |author=Sloan GM |title=Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art |journal=Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=112-22 |year=2000 |pmid=10749049|doi=}}</ref> Secondary effects of VPI include speech [[articulation]] errors (e.g., [[distortions]], substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).<ref>Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.</ref>. | ||
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<gallery> | |||
Image:Cleftbefore.jpg|3 months old boy before going into surgery to have his unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired. | |||
Image:Cleftafter.jpg|The same boy, 1 month after the surgery. | |||
Image:Cleftafter2years.jpg|Again the same boy, age 1.5 years old. Note how the scar gets less visible with age. | |||
</gallery> | |||
</center> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
A direct result of an open connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity is velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions.[1] Secondary effects of VPI include speech articulation errors (e.g., distortions, substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives).[2].
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3 months old boy before going into surgery to have his unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired. -
The same boy, 1 month after the surgery. -
Again the same boy, age 1.5 years old. Note how the scar gets less visible with age.
References
- ↑ Sloan GM (2000). "Posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty: the state of the art". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 37 (2): 112–22. PMID 10749049.
- ↑ Hill, J.S. (2001). Velopharyngeal insufficiency: An update on diagnostic and surgical techniques. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 9, 365-368.