Acrocyanosis

Acrocyanosis
Hand: Acrocyanosis: Gross, an excellent example Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
ICD-10	I73.8
ICD-9	443.89
DiseasesDB	29444

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Cassirer syndrome; Crocq disease

Overview

Acrocyanosis refer to a persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well. The blue color is typically associated with poor oxygenation such as in asthma or emphysema

Classification

Acrocyanosis can be placed into two categories. They are:

• Acrocyanosis (benign) - The more common condition that requires little, if any, medical intervention.
• Acrocyanosis (not benign) - A sign that may allude to a more serious medical problem.

Pathophysiology

Gross Pathology

Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

• 
  Acrocyanosis: Gross natural color outstandingly horrible example in infant with apparent gangrene of distal and middle phalanges. Pseudomonas sepsis
• 
  Acrocyanosis: Gross natural color horrible example of gangrene of feet and skin of legs with Pseudomonas sepsis
• 
  Acrocyanosis: Gross, a case of DIC, distal phalangeal cyanosis

• 
  Hand: Acrocyanosis: Gross, an excellent example
• 
  Acrocyanosis: Gross, excellent example of cyanotic nail beds

Causes

Common Causes

The blue discoloration that is seen in a person with acrocyanosis may also be caused by argyria or DADPS.

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acquired cardiac defects
• Acrodynia (Feer’s disease)
• Bronchiectasis
• Bronchitis
• Cardiomyopathy
• Chronic bronchitis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Cold agglutinin disease
• Congestive cardiomyopathy
• Congenital heart disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Cor pulmonale
• Left ventricular failure
• Mitral stenosis
• Mitral valve insufficiency
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
• Perniosis
• Pulmonary emphysema
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Raynaud's syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Vegetative vasomotoric hyperexcitability
• Venous thrombosis
• Waldenström’s syndrome

References

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