Magnesium oxide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Magnesium oxide, or magnesia, is a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. See also oxide. It has an empirical formula of MgO. It is formed by an ionic bond between one magnesium and one oxygen atom. Magnesium oxide is easily made by burning magnesium ribbon which oxidizes in a bright white light, resulting in a powder. It is hygroscopic in nature and care must be taken to protect it from moisture. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), forms in the presence of water, but it can be reversed by heating it to separate moisture.

Applications

In medicine, magnesium oxide is used for relief for heartburn and sore stomach, as an antacid, magnesium supplement, and as a short-term laxative. It is also used to improve symptoms of indigestion. Side effects of magnesium oxide may include nausea and cramping.

It is used by many libraries for preserving books. It is used as an insulator in industrial cables.

It is also used as a principal ingredient in construction materials used for fireproofing.

It is used as a reference white color in colorimetry. The emissivity value is about 0.9

Pressed MgO is used as an optical material. It is transparent from 300 nm to 7 µm. The refractive index is 1.72 at 1 µm. It is sometimes known by the Eastman Kodak trademarked name Irtran-5, although this designation is long since obsolete. Crystalline pure MgO is available commercially and has small use in infrared optics.

Magnesium oxide is used extensively in electrical heating . There are several mesh sizes available and most commonly used ones are 40 and 80 mesh per the American Foundry Society. The extensive use is due to its high di-electric strength and average thermal conductivity. MgO is usually crushed and compacted with minimal airgaps or voids. The electrical heating industry also experimented with aluminium oxide, but it is not used anymore.

Magnesium oxide is also used in feeding animals and there are special grades available.

Magnesium oxide is also a promising insulator for use in devices that exhibit the Tunnel magnetoresistance effect. The crystal structure of MgO matches the crystal structure of iron and cobalt.

Precautions

Inhalation of magnesium oxide fumes can cause metal fume fever.

See also

Related materials calcium oxide, barium oxide, Magnesium sulfide.

External links

• National Pollutant Inventory - Magnesium Oxide Fume Fact Sheet
• NIH medicinal use
• Data page at UCL
• Ceramic data page at NIST
• Emissivity

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