Dysgerminoma: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox disease |
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   Name          = Dysgerminoma |
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{{Dysgerminoma}}
{{Dysgerminoma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==[[Dysgerminoma overview|Overview]]==


A '''dysgerminoma''' is a type of [[germ cell tumor]];<ref name="pmid17587461">{{cite journal |author=Behtash N, Karimi Zarchi M |title=Dysgerminoma in three patients with Swyer syndrome |journal=World J Surg Oncol |volume=5 |issue= 1|pages=71 |year=2007 |pmid=17587461 |pmc=1934908 |doi=10.1186/1477-7819-5-71 |url=http://www.wjso.com/content/5//71}}</ref> it usually is [[malignant]] and usually occurs in the [[ovary]]. 
==[[Dysgerminoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


A tumor of the identical [[histology]] but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name:  [[seminoma]] in the [[testis]]<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000033062|dysgerminoma}}</ref> or [[germinoma]] in the [[central nervous system]] or other parts of the body. 
==[[Dysgerminoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Dysgerminoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors overall. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in [[adolescence]] and early adult life; about 5% occur in pre-pubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50.  Dysgerminoma occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, there is microscopic tumor in the other ovary.
==[[Dysgerminoma causes|Causes]]==


Abnormal [[gonad]]s (due to [[gonadal dysgenesis]] and [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]]) have a high risk<ref>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed. Chapter 553. Question 11, Gynecologic Problems of Childhood</ref> of developing a dysgerminoma. Most dysgerminomas are associated with elevated serum [[lactic dehydrogenase]] (LDH), which is sometimes used as a [[tumor marker]].
==[[Dysgerminoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Dysgerminoma from other Diseases]]==


==Presentation==
==[[Dysgerminoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
They are exceptionally associated with hypercalcemia. On gross examination, dysgerminomas present with a smooth, [[bosselated]] (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut. Microscopic examination typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells.  Typically, the [[stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]] contains [[lymphocyte]]s and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like [[granuloma]]s.


[[Metastases]] are most often present in the [[lymph node]]s.
==[[Dysgerminoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Dysgerminoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Dysgerminomas, like other [[seminomatous]] germ cell tumors, are very sensitive to both [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]].  For this reason, with treatment patients' chances of long term survival, even cure, is excellent.


==References==
==Diagnosis==
{{reflist}}
[[Dysgerminoma history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Dysgerminoma physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Dysgerminoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Dysgerminoma CT|CT]] | [[Dysgerminoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Dysgerminoma ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Dysgerminoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Dysgerminoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
{{Germ cell tumors}}
{{Genital neoplasia}}
 
[[Category:Gynaecological neoplasia]]
[[Category:Germ cell neoplasia]]


==Treatment==
[[Dysgerminoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Dysgerminoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Dysgerminoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Dysgerminoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Dysgerminoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


{{oncology-stub}}
==Case Studies==
[[Dysgerminoma case study one|Case#1]]


[[de:Dysgerminom]]
==Related Chapters==
[[it:Disgerminoma]]
* [[Germinoma]]
* [[Seminoma]]

Revision as of 15:31, 10 September 2012

Dysgerminoma
Classification and external resources
ICD-9 183.0
ICD-O: 9060/3
MeSH D004407

Template:Dysgerminoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dysgerminoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

Related Chapters

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