Nutcracker syndrome: Difference between revisions

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	Nutcracker syndrome;
DiseasesDB	32367

Revision as of 19:12, 10 September 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: nutcracker phenomenon; renal vein entrapment syndrome; mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein

Nutcracker syndrome can be diagnosed with:

Left renal venography — considered to be the gold standard test.
Computed tomography (CT). The popular name "nutcracker syndrome" derives from the fact that, in the sagittal view, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein).
Abdominal ultrasonography — not definitive but has been found to be useful.^[1]

↑ Takebayashi S, Ueki T, Ikeda N, Fujikawa A. Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Jan;172(1):39-43. PMID 9888735.

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 == Treatment ==
-Treatment depends on the severity and symptoms.  Treatments include:
-* Endovascular stenting.<ref name=barnes_3172376/>
-* Renal vein re-implantation.<ref name=rudloff_16374539>Rudloff U, Holmes RJ, Prem JT, Faust GR, Moldwin R, Siegel D. Mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein (nutcracker syndrome): case reports and review of the literature. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006 Jan;20(1):120-9. PMID 16374539.</ref>
-* [[Gonadal vein]] [[embolization]].<ref name=rudloff_16374539/>
 == References ==

Nutcracker syndrome
DiseasesDB	32367