Thrombophilia causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Causes==
===Inherited===
Common types:
* G1691A mutation in factor V gene ([[Factor V Leiden|Factor V, Leiden type]]; 5% of the population are [[heterozygous]] for FVL)
* [[Prothrombin]] (factor II) mutation (G20210A, 5'UTR)
* Homozygous C677T mutation in the [[MTHFR]] gene
Rare forms:
* [[Plasminogen]] and [[fibrinolysis]] disorders
* [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
* [[Protein C deficiency]]
* [[Protein S deficiency]]
* [[Antithrombin|Antithrombin III]] deficiency
* [[Dysfibrinogenemia]]
* Homozygous [[homocystinuria]]
* Increased levels of factor VIII, factor IX, factor XI, or [[fibrinogen]].
===Acquired===
* [[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
** [[anti-cardiolipin antibodies]] and/or
** [[lupus anticoagulant]]s
* [[Kidney|Renal disease]] (renal loss of antithrombin)
* High [[homocysteine]] levels due to vitamin deficiency (vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid).
* Immobility
* [[Pregnancy]] and [[puerperium]]
* [[Oral contraceptive pills]]
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Obesity]]
* African American race
* [[Hormone replacement therapy]]
* Surgery and trauma
* Older age
* [[Myeloproliferative disorders]]
* Previous thrombosis
==Causes of Thrombophilia by Organ System==
(By organ system)
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | • [[Cerebral vein thrombosis]] • [[Acute myocardial infarction]] • [[Deep vein thrombophlebitis]] • [[Portal vein thrombosis]] • [[Pelvic thrombophlebitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Asparaginase]] • [[Bevacizumab]] • [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]] • [[Cyproterone]] • [[Diethylstilboestrol]] • [[Drospirenone]] • [[Eltrombopag]] • [[Erythropoietin]] • [[Ethinylestradiol]] • [[Fosfestrol]] • [[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]] • [[Heparin]] • [[Hormone replacement therapy]] • [[Lenalidomide]] • [[Peginesatide]] • [[Polyestradiol]] • [[Raloxifene]] • [[Strontium ranelate]] • [[Tamoxifen]] • [[Tobacco smoking]] • [[Tranexamic acid]] • [[Vorinostat]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • Acute [[pancreatitis]] • [[Portal hypertension]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Congenital Dysfibrinogenemia]] • [[Factor II mutation]] • [[Hereditary thrombophlebitis]] • [[Antithrombin III deficiency]] • [[Factor V Leiden mutation]] • [[Protein C deficiency]] • [[Protein S deficiency]] • [[Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome]] • [[Klinefelter syndrome]] • [[Sickle cell disease]] • [[Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b]] • [[Factor XII deficiency]] • [[Haemoglobin SC disease]] • [[Hyperprothrombinemia 20210G-A]] • [[Plasminogen deficiency]] • [[Activated protein C resistance]] • [[CD59 antigen deficiency]] • [[Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  • [[Polycythemia vera]] • [[Essential thrombocythemia]] • [[Myeloproliferative disease]] • [[Hyperviscosity]] syndrome • [[Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria]] • [[Thrombocytosis]] • Raised homocysteine levels
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • Surgical complication
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Intraperitoneal abscess]] • [[Acute peritonitis]] • [[Visceral abscess]] • [[Diverticulitis]] • [[Intravenous catheter infection]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • Orthopedic surgeries • Abdominal surgery
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Cystathionuria]] • [[Homocystinuria]] • [[Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency]] • [[Metabolic Syndrome]] • [[Insulin resistance]] • [[Folic acid deficiency]] • [[Obesity]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Pregnancy]] • [[Puerperium period]] • [[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  • [[Malignancy]] • [[Peritoneal metastasis]] • [[Adenocarcinoma of cecum]] • [[Adenocarcinoma of colon]] • Occult malignancy • [[Leukemia]] • [[Pancreatic cancer]] • [[Glucagonoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Chronic renal failure]] • [[Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria]] • [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  • [[Antiphospholipid Syndrome]] • [[Circulating anticoagulant]] • [[Heparin induced thrombocytopenia]] • [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] • [[Crohn's disease]]• [[Behcet disease]] • [[Hughes-Stovin syndrome]] • [[Polyarteritis Nodosa]] • [[SLE]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  • [[Trauma]] • [[Abdominal trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]] • [[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]] • [[Immobility]]
|-
|}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 13:23, 21 September 2012


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Inherited

Common types:

Rare forms:

Acquired

Causes of Thrombophilia by Organ System

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular • Cerebral vein thrombosis • Acute myocardial infarction • Deep vein thrombophlebitis • Portal vein thrombosis • Pelvic thrombophlebitis
Drug Side Effect • Asparaginase • Bevacizumab • Combined oral contraceptive pill • Cyproterone • Diethylstilboestrol • Drospirenone • Eltrombopag • Erythropoietin • Ethinylestradiol • Fosfestrol • Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor • Heparin • Hormone replacement therapy • Lenalidomide • Peginesatide • Polyestradiol • Raloxifene • Strontium ranelate • Tamoxifen • Tobacco smoking • Tranexamic acid • Vorinostat
Endocrine • Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma
Gastroenterologic • Acute pancreatitis • Portal hypertension
Genetic Congenital Dysfibrinogenemia • Factor II mutation • Hereditary thrombophlebitis • Antithrombin III deficiency • Factor V Leiden mutation • Protein C deficiency • Protein S deficiency • Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome • Klinefelter syndrome • Sickle cell disease • Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b • Factor XII deficiency • Haemoglobin SC disease • Hyperprothrombinemia 20210G-A • Plasminogen deficiency • Activated protein C resistance • CD59 antigen deficiency • Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency
Hematologic • Polycythemia vera • Essential thrombocythemia • Myeloproliferative disease • Hyperviscosity syndrome • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria • Thrombocytosis • Raised homocysteine levels
Iatrogenic • Surgical complication
Infectious Disease • Intraperitoneal abscess • Acute peritonitis • Visceral abscess • Diverticulitis • Intravenous catheter infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho • Orthopedic surgeries • Abdominal surgery
Nutritional / Metabolic • Cystathionuria • Homocystinuria • Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency • Metabolic Syndrome • Insulin resistance • Folic acid deficiency • Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic • Pregnancy • Puerperium period • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Oncologic • Malignancy • Peritoneal metastasis • Adenocarcinoma of cecum • Adenocarcinoma of colon • Occult malignancy • Leukemia • Pancreatic cancer • Glucagonoma
Renal / Electrolyte • Chronic renal failure • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria • Nephrotic syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy • Antiphospholipid Syndrome • Circulating anticoagulant • Heparin induced thrombocytopenia • Inflammatory bowel disease • Crohn's disease• Behcet disease • Hughes-Stovin syndrome • Polyarteritis Nodosa • SLE
Trauma • Trauma • Abdominal trauma
Miscellaneous • Paraneoplastic syndrome • Hypereosinophilic syndrome • Immobility

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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